Overload
Lead poisoning
Category: Illness or disabilities
Type
Involuntary
Introduction and description

Lead poisoning is caused when the heavy metal lead enters the body. It can be accidentally ingested, but it can, as organic lead compounds, cross the skin and respiratory tract easily. Thus there are multiple routes of exposure.
Lead has no known physiologically relevant role in the body, and its harmful effects are myriad. Lead is extremely toxic at any level and interferes with the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems. It can also enter the brain via the spinal cord and affect the organs of the brain.
The main body compartments that store lead are the blood, soft tissues, and bone; the half-life of lead in these tissues is measured in weeks for blood, months for soft tissues, and years for bone. The estimated half-life of lead in bone is 20 to 30 years, and bone can introduce lead into the bloodstream long after the initial exposure is gone.
It is removed from the body very very slowly, mainly through urine. Smaller amounts of lead are also eliminated through the faeces, and very small amounts in hair, nails, and sweat.
Lead poisoning is one of the oldest known work and environmental hazards, the modern understanding of the small amount of lead necessary to cause harm did not come about until the latter half of the 20th century. But its harmful effects have been known for thousands of years. In the 2nd century BC the Greek botanist Nicander described the colic and paralysis seen in lead-poisoned people. Dioscorides, a Greek physician who lived in the 1st century CE, wrote that lead makes the mind "give way".
No safe threshold for lead exposure has been discovered—that is, there is no known amount of lead that is too small to cause the body harm.
Lead is one of the largest environmental medical problems the world faces in terms of the numbers of people exposed and the public health toll it takes. Lead exposure accounts for about 0.2% of all deaths and 0.6% of disability adjusted life years globally, but this figure is probably a very conservative estimate.
Of North American children, 7% have unacceptable levels of lead in their blood. Among Central and South American children, the percentage is 33 to 34%. About one fifth of the world's disease burden from lead poisoning occurs in the Western Pacific, and another fifth is in Southeast Asia.
In one of the weirdest statements I saw in Wikipedia is the sentence…
“Recommendations by health professionals for lowering childhood exposures include banning the use of lead where it is not essential [sic!] and strengthening regulations that limit the amount of lead in soil, water, air, household dust, and products”.
How can anything this poisonous be called ‘essential’? All heavy metals cause horrendous health problems, but lead has a terrible history. I’m afraid I find it extraordinary that it hasn’t been banned entirely years and years ago.
Symptoms
Lead poisoning creeps up on you. If the exposure is small there is a correspondingly slow development of symptoms such that people may not notice anything happening. Symptoms may develop over weeks to months or it may take years, as the lead gradually accumulates in the body. Symptoms from exposure to organic lead, which is more toxic than inorganic lead due to its lipid solubility, occur more rapidly. Symptoms include
- Stomach problems - abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea
- Intestine problems - diarrhea or constipation
- Heart problems – irregular heart beat, shortness of breath, malaise, weakness, tight chest, and high blood pressure. Lead exposure causes coronary heart disease, heart rate variability, and has caused death from stroke, it also causes other cardiac autonomic dysfunction
- Nervous problems - muscle pains, weakness, pain, or tingling in the extremities, tremor. It can cause Parkinson disease. Lead causes the axons of nerve cells to degenerate and lose their myelin coats. There may also therefore be a link with multiple sclerosis
- Blood and circulatory problems – which may cause fatigue and general tiredness. It is usually by blood tests that lead poisoning is diagnosed
- Kidney failure – urination problems, pain in the back. Lead poisoning also inhibits excretion of the waste product urate and causes a predisposition for gout
- Autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatism and arthritis – there is a very strong correlation between lead poisoning and arthritis and rheumatism
- Reproductive organ problems - Lead affects both the male and female reproductive systems. In men, sperm count is reduced and changes occur in volume of sperm. There is decreased libido and impotence. A pregnant woman's elevated blood lead level can lead to miscarriage, prematurity, low birth weight, and problems with development of the baby during childhood. Lead is able to pass through the placenta and into breast milk. A fetus can be poisoned in utero if lead from the mother's bones is subsequently mobilized by the changes in metabolism due to pregnancy
- Eye problems – cataracts, loss of sight
- Mouth problems – lead causes tooth decay and tooth loss. Lead's effects on the sense of taste may result in astringency and a metallic taste in the mouth.
- Brain problems - Lead is able to pass through the endothelial cells at the blood brain barrier because it can substitute for calcium ions. It causes confusion, headache, irritability, memory loss or impairment, insomnia, and other cognitive deficits. Personality changes can occur. As the damage proceeds to the brain there can be numerous other symptoms as each organ is attacked. There may be deafness, paralysis, hallucinations, convulsions, seizures and eventually coma and death.
As a consequence of this, one can then get Behavioural problems [including violent aggressive behaviour] - Lead exposure is correlated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and antisocial behaviour. Elevated lead levels in children [and adults] are correlated with higher scores on aggression and delinquency measures. A correlation has also been found between lead exposure and violent crime. There also seems to be a link with lead and violent nations.
Countries with the highest air lead levels have been found to have the highest murder rates, after adjusting for confounding factors. A May 2000 study by economic consultant Rick Nevin theorizes that lead exposure explains 65% to 90% of the variation in violent crime rates in the US.
- Cancer- Lead is considered a possible human carcinogen. There are Pubmed papers that seem to show this
- Dementia and Alzheimers - age-related mental decline and psychiatric symptoms are correlated with lead exposure.
- Psychosis - Given that damage can be to any organ in the brain, it is possible that some cases of manic depression, schizophrenia, autism and so on – all the diseases related to brain damage - could have been caused by lead poisoning
“Mean blood lead concentration was notably higher in 18 autistic children than in 16 nonautistic psychotic children or in ten normal siblings. Fifteen (44%) of the psychotic children (autistic and nonautistic) had blood lead levels greater than two standard deviations above the mean for normal controls”. PMID: 813517
Treatment
Effects of lead on the physiology of the kidneys and blood are generally reversible; its effects on the central nervous system are not.
The only known treatment is chelation therapy. The chelating agents used for treatment of severe lead poisoning are edetate disodium calcium (CaNa2EDTA), dimercaprol (BAL), which are injected, and succimer and d-penicillamine, which are administered orally. Chelation therapy only lowers blood lead levels and may not prevent the lead-induced cognitive problems associated with lower lead levels in tissue. Chelating agents can also have adverse effects for example, chelation therapy can lower the body's levels of necessary nutrients like zinc.
Some more suggestions are provided in the observations.
Causes
In the past, the main causes were
- Lead pipes - One of the major causes at one time were the lead pipes used to bring water to houses and within houses. Much of this piping in the west has now been replaced with plastic pipe, but this may not be true in other countries. The problems were known way back in Roman times. Lead was used extensively in Roman aqueducts from about 500 BC to 300 AD and Julius Caesar's engineer, Vitruvius, reported, "water is much more wholesome from earthenware pipes than from lead pipes. For it seems to be made injurious by lead, because white lead is produced by it, and this is said to be harmful to the human body."
- Eating utensils - Another cause in days gone by were the plates, tankards and cups used for eating and drinking which were often made of pewter. Although Pewter is traditionally 85–99% tin, it can contain lead, in the past it was often in quite high quantities. As acid and heat can leach lead out into food very easily, this could have been a major cause of lead poisoning in the past [it may still be]. Tinkers often used lead to mend cooking utensils including cooking pots. Gout, prevalent in affluent Rome, is thought to be the result of lead, or leaded eating and drinking vessels. It has been noted that Romans also consumed quantities of lead through the consumption of defrutum, carenum, and sapa, - musts made by boiling down fruit in lead cookware.
- Patent medicines – medicine was at one time unregulated [herbal medicines still aren’t] and available not just through chemists but in corner shops. Heinrich Heine may have been a victim of this source, he was certainly suffering in a major way from lead poisoning when he died.
and
Shakespeare's tremour and Orwell's cough – Dr John J Ross[many illnesses were the result of] chronic household lead poisoning from adulterated wines, pewter vessels and lead glazed dishes …. unfortunately doctors probably finished things off with lead salts for pneumonia and lead poultices for wounds
- Lead(II) acetate solution was a commonly used folk remedy for sore nipples. In modern medicine, for a time, it was used as an astringent, in the form of Goulard's Extract.
- Wine - Sugar of lead (Lead II Acetate) was once used to sweeten wine, the gout that resulted from this was known as "saturnine" gout. In 17th-century Germany, the physician Eberhard Gockel discovered lead-contaminated wine to be the cause of an epidemic of colic. He had noticed that monks who did not drink wine were healthy, while wine drinkers were ill, and traced the cause to sugar of lead, made by simmering litharge with vinegar. Lead was added to cheap wine illegally in the 18th and early 19th centuries as a sweetener. The composer Beethoven, a heavy wine drinker, suffered elevated lead levels (as later detected in his hair) possibly due to this; the cause of his death is controversial, but lead poisoning is one factor. It is supposed to be banned now, but if the Austrians can add antifreeze to wine, who knows what happens.
- Rum - In 18th century Boston, lead poisoning was fairly frequent on account of the widespread drinking of rum, which was made in stills with a lead component. Benjamin Franklin suspected lead to be a risk in 1786. This may seem somewhat trivial until you look at rum consumption at the time. The first rum distillery was set up in 1664 on present-day Staten Island. Boston, Massachusetts had a distillery three years later. Estimates of rum consumption in the American colonies before the American Revolutionary War had every man, woman, or child drinking an average of 3 imperial gallons of rum each year. Given the somewhat aggressive nature of the people at this time, lead poisoning may have been a reason.
- Cider - Also in the 18th century, "Devonshire colic" was the name given to the symptoms suffered by people of Devon who drank cider made in presses that were lined with lead.
- Cosmetics - Lead(II) acetate, as well as white lead, have been used in cosmetics throughout history, though this practice has ceased in Western countries. It is still used in men's hair colouring products like Grecian Formula.
- Artists paints - I have provided a separate paragraph on this source because it is so important.
These days the causes may be
- Lead paint – household paint and the paint used for toys, vehicles and furniture. In theory lead in paint has been phased out in the west, but it is still allowed in the east especially China. Since many paints are imported there is thus no guarantee that paints in the west are lead free.
- Varnishes - Lead(II) acetate is used as a drier in paints and varnishes, and in preparing other lead compounds.
- Mordant - Lead(II) acetate is also used as a mordant in textile printing and dyeing.
- Cigarettes – it has been assumed that this is from the contamination of tobacco leaves with lead-containing pesticides.
- Lead solder – which may be used by plumbers but also found on numerous products.
- Tin cans - In some countries, the solder in cans used for food contains lead.
- Water - Lead from the atmosphere or soil can end up in groundwater and surface water. Acidic water breaks down lead in plumbing more readily. In the US, 14–20% of total lead exposure is attributed to drinking water. Hot water is more likely than cold water to contain higher amounts of lead. Since most of the lead in household water usually comes from plumbing in the house and not from the local water supply, using cold water helps avoid lead exposure.
- Fishing weights – which are made of lead
- Food – residual lead in soil can enter the food chain. Lead in soil may be caused by broken-down lead paint, residues from lead-containing gasoline, used engine oil, or pesticides used in the past, contaminated landfills, or from nearby industries such as foundries or smelters. There has been some calls by activists to ban food that is grown near any plants or facilites that may emit lead in fumes or near airports, flight paths and motorways or major road networks.
- Jewellery – some jewellery believe or not contains lead – sometimes in the
solder used to make it.
- Gasoline – which of course at one time contained lead as an additive and in some countries still does; some developing countries still allow leaded gasoline, which is the primary source of lead exposure in most developing countries. Note that many glue sniffers suffer from lead poisoning.
- Pesticides - some pesticides contain lead, in theory they have been phased out in the developed countries but they may still be frequently used in developing countries.
- Aviation fuel - Tetraethyllead, which was a gasoline additive is still used in fuels such as aviation fuel.
- Manufacturing - plants that use lead including recycling plants - such as is found in facilities that process lead-acid batteries or produce lead wire or pipes, lead smelters and foundries.
Lead compounds are used in the manufacturing of electronic parts, plastics, rubbers and metals. Lead is used in pigments, dyes, paints and coatings. Lead compounds are used in the manufacture of matches, ammunition, fireworks, explosives, pottery glazes, ceramics, brake shoes, flame retardants for plastics and as catalysts for industrial production and epoxy curing agents.
Note that the fumes from these plants are as toxic as exposure to the metal within the facilities. In 1656 the German physician Samuel Stockhausen recognized dust and fumes containing lead compounds as the cause of disease, called since ancient Roman times morbi metallici, that were known to afflict miners, smelter workers, potters, and others whose work exposed them to the metal. - Ceramic glaze - which may contain lead, dishes that have been improperly fired can leach the metal into food, potentially causing severe poisoning. Thus potters as well as those using pottery are at risk.
- Waste disposal incinerators – which can emit lead fumes.
- Kohl - Lead is found in products such as kohl, the cosmetic used in the Middle East, South Asia, and parts of Africa that has many names.
- Herbal remedies - Lead is commonly incorporated [!] into herbal remedies such as Indian Ayurvedic preparations. There are also risks of elevated blood lead levels caused by folk remedies like azarcon and greta, which each contain about 95% lead [source Wikipedia]. One Ayurvedic medicine widely used in India and Pakistan called Kushta surb has a lead content as high as 73%!
- Patent medicines – some Chinese patent medicines have been found to contain heavy metals that include lead and mercury.
- Ammunition – those who recreationally shoot, for example clay pigeon shooting or grouse, duck and pheasant shooting will be exposed via the lead shot. If you eat anything which has been shot there is the risk of lead shot poisoning. Many bullets also contain lead, thus a similar risk exists for those who handle guns that use bullets or who eat animals that have been shot with bullets. People who have been shot or who have shrapnel wounds run a high risk of exposure.
- Mining activities - Humans have been mining and using this heavy metal for thousands of years, poisoning themselves in the process. You can be poisoned by being near a mine, not just working in it.
Other lead-containing products; these include
- radiation shields
- certain surgical equipment may contain lead solder
- fetal monitors
- circuit boards may contain lead solder
- jet engines
- batteries
- certain sorts of wire
Artists’ paints

As early as 1713, Bernardino Ramazzini, the "patron saint" of occupational medicine, described in his classic book, De Morbis Artificum (Diseases of Workers), the hazards of materials to which painters are exposed. He wrote:
“I have observed that nearly all the painters whom I know, both in this and other cities, are sickly; and if one reads the lives of painters it will be seen that they are by no means long-lived, especially those who were the most distinguished”
Some artists pigments are lead based and contain high quantites of lead. It was probably worse in olden days if you mixed your own paints, as the dust could be more easily inhaled or absorbed via the skin. The painter Caravaggio is said to have died of lead poisoning. Caravaggio is known to have indulged in violent behavior, a symptom of lead poisoning.
In art, white lead paint is known as "flake white" or "Cremnitz white". It is valued for the ease of handling and resilience the lead confers to oil paints. Lead-based white is one of the oldest manufactured pigments and is used in the manufacture of a number of other pigments. Chrome Yellow is also a natural yellow pigment made of lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4).
Other lead pigments include cremnitz white, Naples yellow and red lead. There is a separate section dealing with mercury poisoning, but it is worth adding here I think that the pigment Vermilion is a toxic mercury compound favored for its deep red-orange color by many old master painters such as Titian.
I think we underestimate the effect lead and mercury poisoning probably had on artists in the past.
Many of the most famous artists working in France late in the 19th century suffered serious eye diseases. - Monet, Cassatt, Degas, and Pissarro being just four.
“The painters Rubens, Renoir, and Dufy suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and Klee from scleroderma. Analysis of the areas of various colours in randomly selected paintings by these four artists and by eight "controls" (contemporary painters without rheumatic disease) suggests that Rubens, Renoir, Dufy, and Klee used significantly more bright and clear colours based on toxic heavy metals and fewer earth colours containing harmless iron and carbon compounds. These four painters may have been heavily exposed to mercury sulphide, cadmium sulphide, arsenic sulphide, lead, antimony, tin, cobalt, manganese, and chromium, the metals of the bright and clear colours, and exposure to these metals may be of importance in the development of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Artists today are not so exposed, but heavy metal contamination in food and drinking water exists and experience from the occupational exposure of old masters is still relevant” [source Rheumatic disease, heavy-metal pigments, and the Great Masters - Pedersen LM, Permin H - Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. PMID: 2897527]
How it works
The picture to the right from Wikipedia shows areas of damage in brains exposed to lead.
As you can see the areas affected can vary considerably – any number of different areas can be affected which means that the effects will vary from person to person
“The brains of adults who were exposed to lead as children show decreased volume, especially in the prefrontal cortex, on MRI. Areas of volume loss are shown in color over a template of a normal brain”
References and further reading
There are numerous papers on PubMed which show the effects and continued prevalence of lead poisoning - literally thousands and thousands. Furthermore many of them show how even today the sources of lead poisoning are not understood, for example:
-
Lead poisoning--a case report - Amundsen T, Naess IA, Hammerstrøm J, Brudevold R, Bjerve KS. Medisinsk klinikk, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim. tore.amundsen@medisin.ntnu.no
- A wine pitcher, cause of lead poisoning - Jouglard J, de Haro L, Arditti J, Cottin C. Centre Anti-Poisons, Hôpital Salvator, Marseille “This case of lead poisoning caused by a single earthenware wine jug confirms the need for rigorous governmental directives to control the production and distribution of varnished earthenware” PMID: 8729326
Related observations
Healing observations
- A safe strategy to decrease fetal lead exposure in a woman with chronic intoxication 017787
- Ameliorative effects of ferulic Acid against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions and toxicity in prepubertal rat brain 017777
- Arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and lead (Pb) availability from Au-mine Technosols: a case study of transfer to natural vegetation cover in temperate climates 018259
- Assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi status and heavy metal accumulation characteristics of tree species in a lead-zinc mine area: potential applications for phytoremediation 018311
- Avoid animals fed on contaminated fish meal 012483
- Bath spa 006679
- Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plant leaves from Yan׳an city of the Loess Plateau, China 018313
- Cadmium, Lead and DMSA chelation 016839
- Complexation of lead(II) by chlorogenic acid: experimental and theoretical study 017770
- Coriander and lead poisoning 006734
- Description of 3,180 courses of chelation with dimercaptosuccinic acid in children ≤ 5 y with severe lead poisoning in Zamfara, Northern Nigeria: a retrospective analysis of programme data 017788
- Determination of the chelating site preferentially involved in the complex of lead(II) with caffeic acid: a spectroscopic and structural study 017769
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 07 Conclusions and perspectives 016846
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 01 Introduction 016835
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 02 Essential metals 016836
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 03 Vitamins 016837
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 040 Edible Plants and Dietary Phytochemicals 016842
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 041 Table 3 016843
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 05 Probiotics 016844
- Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - 06 Other dietary supplements 016845
- Dr Duke's list of activity for Vitamin C 017762
- Dr Duke's list of biological activities for Vitamin C 017880
- Dr Duke's list of Chelating activity for Colocynth 018077
- Dr Duke's list of Chelating activity for the Dock 018087
- Dr Duke's list of Chelating activity for the Dog Rose 018090
- Dr Duke's list of chemicals and activity for the Shallot 017969
- Dr Duke's list of Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) -- Heal-All, Self-Heal 018270
- Dr Duke's list of chemicals which are an antidote to lead [causing Meniere's disease] 021285
- Dr Duke's list of Plants with Antidote (Lead) activity 018377
- Dr Duke's list of plants with hemopoietic effects - 1 High activity 012484
- EDTA chelation therapy and heavy metal poisoning 006200
- EDTA redistribution of lead and cadmium into the soft tissues in a human with a high lead burden - should DMSA always be used to follow EDTA in such cases? 017783
- Effective treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes family viral infections with Chinese parsley 018887
- Effectively simultaneous naked-eye detection of Cu(II), Pb(II), Al(III) and Fe(III) using cyanidin extracted from red cabbage as chelating agent 017795
- Effects of chelators on mercury, iron, and lead neurotoxicity in cortical culture 017786
- Elemental characterization of wild edible plants from countryside and urban areas 017966
- Heavy metal poisoning and learning difficulties in children from Brazil 013085
- Heavy metal stress in alders: Tolerance and vulnerability of the actinorhizal symbiosis. 021021
- Heavy metals in Australian grown and imported rice and vegetables on sale in Australia: health hazard 021499
- Hot baths, lead workers and astronauts 006680
- How to Rid Your Body of Mercury and Other Heavy Metals: A 3-Step Plan to Recover Your Health 026662
- Influence of amendments and aided phytostabilization on metal availability and mobility in Pb/Zn mine tailings 018258
- Lead, chickens and garlic 006172
- Meat, offal, heavy metals and minerals 005485
- meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic acid: chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of an orally effective metal chelating agent 017750
- Metals as a common trigger of inflammation resulting in non-specific symptoms: diagnosis and treatment 018229
- Perkins, Dr Elisha – Curing Muscle pain from possible Lead poisoning using tractors 026207
- Physiological and proteomic responses of different willow clones (Salix fragilis x alba) exposed to dredged sediment contaminated by heavy metals 020524
- Phytoextraction and phytostabilization potential of plants grown in the vicinity of heavy metal-contaminated soils: a case study at an industrial town site 021288
- Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes 027987
- Porcini mushrooms and heavy metal poisoning 005298
- Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage 017774
- Rheumatoid arthritis and metal chelation therapy 006201
- Summary of Antipathogenic Activities in: Phellodendron amurense -- Amur Cork Tree, Huang Bai, Huang Po, Po Mu 018332
- Summary of Dr Duke’s analysis showing the Antipathogenic Activities in: Azadirachta indica -- Neem 018320
- Sweating, toxins and heavy metals 006719
- The influence of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa on selected parameters of oxidative stress and microelements contents in men with hypercholesterolemia 017791
Hallucination
- Auditory hallucinations, children and heavy metals 006885
- Blood-brain barrier flux of aluminum, manganese, iron and other metals suspected to contribute to metal-induced neurodegeneration 019574
- Brain damage and years of regret 002140
- Contamination of Haiti's drinking water 008323
- Contamination of homemade flour 002619
- Gasoline abuse effects 002137
- Goes, Hugo van der - Death of the Virgin 022282
- Hallucinations from arsenic and heavy metal working 006905
- Heavy metal poisoning and learning difficulties in children from Brazil 013085
- Hitler, Adolf - cocaine and strychnine 001448
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 11 Chapter Two 015117
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Demons 015120
- Lead in lipstick - Cosmetic companies 014501
- Lead toxicity in battery workers 019591
- Metal transporters in intestine and brain: their involvement in metal-associated neurotoxicities 019575
- PubMed - Aggression and heavy metals 006907
- Retarded child and parasites 006120
- Schubert - Schwanengesang, D 957: no 13 Der Doppelgänger 020635
- Schumann, Robert - Hearing one note played constantly 001909
- Schumann, Robert - Nocturne 010101
- The story of Thomas Midgley 006389
- Thomas Midgley, Jr. – CFCs and lead in petrol 014495
- Toxic agents causing cerebellar ataxias 017624
- Toxins in eye shadow - Cosmetic companies 014503
- Toxins in lipstick - Cosmetic companies 014502
- Toxocariasis and a 'disturbed child' 012726
Wisdom, Inspiration, Divine love & Bliss
- Beethoven - 5th Symphony 001911
- Beethoven - Für Elise 001908
- Beethoven - The 6th Symphony - Pastoral 001407
- Beethoven - The Moonlight Sonata 001910
- Caravaggio - Amor victorious 002638
- Caravaggio - Crucifixion of Saint Peter 002820
- Caravaggio - Judith beheading Holofernes 002637
- Caravaggio - Musicians 002635
- Cezanne 004085
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Bathers 010406
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Canal de la Giudecca Venise 010403
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Cypress 010407
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Cypresses 010400
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - French pines 010396
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Goats 010399
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - L'air du soir 010395
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - La Plage de Saint Clair 010401
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - La Plage de Saint Clair 1907 010409
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Landscape with pines 010408
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Landscape with stars 1908 010405
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Le Nuage Rose 010402
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Napes 010397
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Reclining nude, young girl 010410
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - San Giorgio Maggiore Venice 010404
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - The Return of the Fisherman 1896 010411
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Two nudes under a cork oak 010412
- Cross, Henri-Edmond- the Clearing 010398
- Degas - Dancer with bouquet 007525
- Degas - Before the stands 007526
- Degas - Blue Dancers 007699
- Degas - Harlequin and Colombina 007531
- Degas - Miss Lalla 007527
- Degas - Red ballet skirts 007528
- Degas - Rider in a Red Coat 007529
- Dickinson, Emily - A hallowed thing to drop a life Into the purple well 000111
- Dickinson, Emily - A house upon the height That wagon never reached 004328
- Dickinson, Emily - A little madness in the Spring Is wholesome even for the King 004419
- Dickinson, Emily - A moth the hue of this Haunts candles in Brazil 000105
- Dickinson, Emily - Cocoon above! Cocoon below, Stealthy cocoon, why hide you so 000736
- Dickinson, Emily - Could I but ride indefinite As doth the meadow bee 004318
- Dickinson, Emily - Delight is as the flight Or in the ratio of it 000109
- Dickinson, Emily - Did our best moment last ‘Twould supersede the heaven 003882
- Dickinson, Emily - Dropped into the ether acre, Wearing the sod gown 000457
- Dickinson, Emily - I sued the news, yet feared the news 004323
- Dickinson, Emily - In lands I never saw – they say, Immortal alps look down 000789
- Dickinson, Emily - Like rain it sounded till it curved And then I knew ‘twas wind 000104
- Dickinson, Emily - My life had stood a loaded gun 000106
- Dickinson, Emily - Of being is a bird The likest to the down 007104
- Dickinson, Emily - One life of so much consequence Yet I for it would pay 000107
- Dickinson, Emily - The bone that has no marrow What ultimate for that 000097
- Dickinson, Emily - The butterfly obtains But little sympathy 000727
- Dickinson, Emily - The inundation of the Spring Enlarges every soul 006628
- Dickinson, Emily - The lonesome for they know not what 000110
- Dickinson, Emily - The mountains grow unnoticed Their purple figures rise 006637
- Dickinson, Emily - The Outer from the Inner Derives its magnitude 007211
- Dickinson, Emily - The pattern of the sun Can fit but him alone 007184
- Dickinson, Emily - The Sun retired to a cloud a woman’s shawl as big 000108
- Dickinson, Emily - The Wind took up the Northern Things And piled them in the south 004129
- Dickinson, Emily - There is another sky Ever serene and fair 000347
- Dickinson, Emily - They say that ‘time assuages’ Time never did assuage 000946
- Dickinson, Emily - To hear an oriole sing May be a common thing 010210
- Dickinson, Emily - To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee 004317
- Dickinson, Emily - ‘Tis not that dying hurts us so ‘Tis living hurts us more 007101
- Dickinson, Emily - ‘Twas here my summer paused 000837
- Goya, Francisco - The sleep of reason produces monsters 002618
- Heine, Heinrich - And with love's slight subtle meshes 002628
- Heine, Heinrich - Gems 008388
- Heine, Heinrich - I called the devil and he came 002629
- Heine, Heinrich - In the wild whirl of the dancers 002632
- Heine, Heinrich - It is the fairy forest old 002631
- Heine, Heinrich - Oft he sat in the gloomiest corner at home 002607
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - Lurid the thunderstorm lies on the ocean 002633
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - Once united in the high heavens 002630
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - Stay thou below in thy ocean depths 002634
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - The sunbeams were playing 007261
- Heine, Heinrich - Who was it, please tell me, who was it who reckoned 002626
- Johann Simon Mayr - The Zibaldone - Songlines 005862
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - Cause effect chains and heuristics 015109
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - Heuristics and the systems of the universes 015111
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - Home schooling 015107
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - How to use the knowledge gained? 015114
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - Inner speech 015108
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - On Deists and Theists 015113
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - On the 5 senses 015106
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - Synthesis 006077
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - The Ultimate Intelligence 015110
- Kant, Immanuel - Critique of Pure Reason - The Ultimate Intelligence as First Cause 015112
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 01 Chapter One 015092
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 02 Chapter One 015093
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 03 Chapter One 015094
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 04 Chapter One 015095
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 05 Chapter One 015096
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 06 Chapter Two 015102
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 07 Chapter Two 015103
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 08 Chapter Two 015104
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 09 Chapter Two 015115
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 10 Chapter Two 015116
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 11 Chapter Two 015117
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 12 Chapter Three 015121
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - How are hallucinations & visions constructed? 015122
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - The illusion of form 015129
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Infinite spirit 015098
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - On Leibnitz and the atom 015101
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - What is Life? 015100
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Where is heaven and ascent 015118
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Where is the soul? 015099
- Klee, Paul - Red Balloon 1922 002651
- Klee, Paul - Ad Parnassum 007663
- Klee, Paul - Castle garden 1931 007662
- Klee, Paul - Cat and Bird 007666
- Klee, Paul - Child and Aunt 007665
- Klee, Paul - Diana in the Autumn Wind 007658
- Klee, Paul - Highways and Byways 007661
- Klee, Paul - Pierrot Lunaire 007660
- Klee, Paul - Rising Star 007659
- Klee, Paul - Senecio 1922 002645
- Klee, Paul - The Goldfish 1925 002650
- Klee, Paul - The Seafarer 1923 006434
- Klee, Paul - This Flower wishes to fade 007664
- Melville, Herman - The World in a Man-of-War 004361
- Monet - Poplars on the Epte 1891 002639
- Monet - Impression, sunrise 1873 002640
- Mozart - Ave verum 003347
- Mozart - Clarinet Concerto in A, K. 622 [complete] 012065
- Mozart - Klavierkonzert Nr. 23 012063
- Mozart - Lacrimosa 012061
- Mozart - Piano Concerto No. 21 - Andante 012062
- Mozart - String Quintet K.614 012064
- Nietzsche - Beyond Good and Evil - Every morality is a piece of tyranny against nature 003810
- Nietzsche - Daybreak - Christianity has succeeded in transforming Eros and Aphrodite into diabolical kobolds 013544
- Nietzsche - Daybreak - We aeronauts of the spirit 000862
- Nietzsche - Ecce Homo - Philosophy 003813
- Nietzsche - Ecce Homo - The concept ‘sin’ invented together with the instrument of torture which goes with it 013541
- Nietzsche - Human all too human - There is more wisdom in your body 003809
- Nietzsche - On the Genealogy of Morals - Pain is the most powerful aid to mnemonics 003808
- Nietzsche - On the Genealogy of Morals - The exploitation of the sense of 'guilt' 013542
- Nietzsche - On the Genealogy of Morals - The ripest fruit is the sovereign individual 003807
- Nietzsche - On the Genealogy of Morals - There could be no happiness without forgetfulness 000943
- Nietzsche - On the Genealogy of Morals - Too long the earth has been a madhouse 013540
- Nietzsche - The Anti-Christ - On the commission of sins 013539
- Nietzsche - The Gay Science - The poison which destroys the weaker nature, strengthens the stronger 013538
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - It is true we love life 003818
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - A span breadth from his goal, to languish! 003817
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Art thou a new strength and a new authority? A first motion? 013537
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - As long as men have existed, man has enjoyed himself too little 003821
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - As yet humanity hath not a goal 003824
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Become hard 003812
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - He who wisheth one day to fly 003814
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Humility hath the hardest skin 003816
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - I have flown into mine own heaven with mine own pinions 003820
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman 002922
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - The Great Noontide 000101
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - The higher thou risest the smaller doth the eye of envy see thee 003815
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Those who grave new values on new tables 003819
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Thus did my wise longing 003823
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Unspoken and unrealised hath my highest hope remained 006377
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - What falleth, that shall one also push 000631
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - When I came unto men, I found them resting on an old infatuation 003811
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - Ye shall become procreators and cultivators and sowers of the future 003825
- Renoir - Nudes 3 008044
- Rubens - Diana and Callisto 003941
- Rubens - Fall of Phaeton 010587
- Rubens - Judith with the head of Holofernes 010586
- Rubens - La Majorite 002648
- Rubens - Marchesa Brigida Spinola Doria 010591
- Rubens - Mulay Ahmad 010589
- Rubens - The Four Continents 010590
- Rubens - Triomphe de la Veritee 002647
- Rubens - Two Satyrs 001866
- Schubert - Schwanengesang, D 957: no 13 Der Doppelgänger 020635
- Schubert - Schwanengesang, D 957: no 4 Serenade [vocal and orchestral versions] 020625
- Schubert - Sviatoslav Richter - Piano Sonata No 18 in G major, D 894 020624
- Schubert - Symphony no. 8 in B minor D 759 020637
- Schumann, Robert - Piano Concerto in A Minor 007402
- Wesley’s Britain in the 1700s - Alcohol abuse/temperance 024690
Out of time
- Dickinson, Emily - Before I got my eye put out I liked as well to see 007207
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - Shipwreck! 004131
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 11 Chapter Two 015117
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Demons 015120
In time
- Beethoven - Für Elise 001908
- Caravaggio - Basket of fruit 002636
- Caravaggio - Musicians 002635
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Bathers 010406
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Canal de la Giudecca Venise 010403
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Cypress 010407
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Cypresses 010400
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - French pines 010396
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Goats 010399
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - L'air du soir 010395
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - La Plage de Saint Clair 010401
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - La Plage de Saint Clair 1907 010409
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Landscape with pines 010408
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Landscape with stars 1908 010405
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Le Nuage Rose 010402
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Napes 010397
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Reclining nude, young girl 010410
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - San Giorgio Maggiore Venice 010404
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - The Return of the Fisherman 1896 010411
- Cross, Henri-Edmond - Two nudes under a cork oak 010412
- Cross, Henri-Edmond- the Clearing 010398
- Degas - Ballerina and Woman with Umbrella 007523
- Degas - In the dance studio 007532
- Degas - Rehearsal 007521
- Degas - The entrance of the masked dancers 007530
- Degas - Woman combing her hair 007524
- Dickinson, Emily - I like to see it lap the miles, And lick the valleys up 000443
- Dufy, Raoul - Intérieur à la fenêtre ouverte 1928 002643
- Dufy, Raoul - Nice Casino 1936 002642
- Dufy, Raoul - Vase de Pois de Senteur 002644
- Goes, Hugo van der - Death of the Virgin 022282
- Goes, Hugo van der - The Adoration of the Magi 022283
- Heine, Heinrich - A dream of fearful mystery 002620
- Heine, Heinrich - The lotus flower doth languish 002622
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - A woman lives in the North 002623
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - By the sea, the dreary nocturnal sea 002627
- Heine, Heinrich - The North Sea - Myself am moved by the secret 002621
- Heine, Heinrich - The poor soul speaketh to its clay 002624
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 11 Chapter Two 015117
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - 12 Chapter Three 015121
- Kant, Immanuel - Dreams of a Spirit Seer - Spirit communication 015126
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - Demons 015120
- Kant, Immanuel - Quotes - On inter composer communication 015097
- Lead in lipstick - Cosmetic companies 014501
- Monet - Water lilies [and Rumi] 001310
- Monet - Argenteuil 1875 007760
- Monet - Bathers at la Grenouillere 1869 007761
- Monet - Beach and cliffs at Pourville morning effect 1882 007762
- Monet - Boats in the pool of London 1871 007763
- Monet - Boulevard of Capucines 1883 007764
- Monet - Cart on the snow covered road with Saint Simeon farm 1865 007765
- Monet - Charing Cross bridge 1902 007766
- Monet - Cliffs near Dieppe 1882 007767
- Monet - Coal dockers 1875 007768
- Monet - Gardener's house at Antibes 1888 007769
- Monet - Haystack 1865 007770
- Monet - Oat and poppy field Giverny 1890 007771
- Monet - Open sea 1866 007772
- Monet - Regatta at Argenteuil 1872 007773
- Monet - Rocks at Belle Ile Port Domois 1886 007774
- Monet - Saint-Lazare station 1877 002641
- Monet - Snow effect the street in Argentuil 1875 007775
- Nietzsche - Thus spake Zarathustra - LIX The Second Dance Song 002248
- Rembrandt - A man in a room 003940
- Rembrandt - Philosopher in Meditation 010561
- Rembrandt - Portrait of a Woman 010563
- Rembrandt - Rembrandt's mother 010559
- Rembrandt - The supper at Emmaus 010562
- Renoir - Boats and Shepherdesses 008050
- Renoir - Clowns and Pierrots 008059
- Renoir - Dances and pianos 008051
- Renoir - Girls combing their hair 008047
- Renoir - Landscapes 1 008062
- Renoir - Landscapes 2 008063
- Renoir - Landscapes 3 008064
- Renoir - Landscapes 4 008065
- Renoir - Landscapes 5 008066
- Renoir - Luncheons and Balls 008049
- Renoir - Nudes 1 008042
- Renoir - Nudes 2 008043
- Renoir - Nudes 3 008044
- Renoir - Nudes 4 008045
- Renoir - Nudes 5 008046
- Renoir - Portraits 1 008053
- Renoir - Portraits 2 008054
- Renoir - Portraits 3 008055
- Renoir - Portraits 4 008056
- Renoir - Portraits 5 008057
- Renoir - Portraits 6 008058
- Renoir - Portraits 7 008060
- Renoir - Portraits 8 008061
- Renoir - Umbrellas 008048
- Renoir - Young boy with a cat 008052
- Rubens - Diana presenting the catch to Pan 008071
- Rubens - Hygeia, Goddess of Health 1615 008111
- Rubens - Judith with the head of Holofernes 010586
- Rubens - Night scene 1617 010588
- Rubens - Portrait of Isabella Brandt 010585
- Rubens - Studies for the head of a negro 008072
- Schumann, Robert - A melody which the angels had sung to him 001907
- Schumann, Robert - Hearing one note played constantly 001909
- Schumann, Robert - Nocturne 010101
- Toxins and fetal brain damage 010187