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Nutrients. 2015 Jan; 7(1): 552–571.  Published online 2014 Jan 14. doi:  10.3390/nu7010552 PMCID: PMC4303853  Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity - Qixiao Zhai,1 Arjan Narbad,2 and Wei Chen1,3,*

6. Other Dietary Supplements

Other nutrients also have the potential to alleviate Cd and Pb-induced pathogenic effects. For example,

royal jelly protects against Cd-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice, due to its antioxidant effects.

Algae such as Spirulina and Chlorella can attenuate Cd or Pb toxicity in the liver, kidneys and brain of animals. Spirulina also has marked anti-teratogenic effects in Cd-injected pregnant mice. Oral administration of a high dose of Spirulina significantly decreased the frequency of foetuses with exencephaly, micrognathia, and skeletal abnormalities induced by Cd. Moreover, Spirulina has been reported to reduce the quantity of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes in blood cells of Cd-exposed mice (both the mother and the foetus). These algae possess many dietary antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, phycocyanobilin and carotenes, which enable them to alleviate toxic metal-induced oxidative stress.