Suppression
Vitamin E
Category: Natural chemicals
Type
Voluntary
Introduction and description

Vitamin E Imbalance
Overload
Overdosing on Vitamin E has proved to have some serious consequences:
Cancer - various cancers have been linked to overdosing on Vitamin E via Vitamin supplements, for example
Selenium and vitamin E are probably 2 of the most popular dietary supplements considered for use in the reduction of prostate cancer risk. This enthusiasm is reflected in the initiation of the Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial (SELECT). Is there sufficient evidence to support the use of these supplements in a large-scale prospective trial for patients who want to reduce the risk of prostate cancer? Results from numerous laboratory and observational studies support the use of these supplements, and data from recent prospective trials also add partial support. However, a closer analysis of the data reveals some interesting and unique associations. In 4 recent prospective studies, vitamin E was found to reduce the risk of prostate cancer in past/recent and current smokers and those with low levels of this vitamin. Vitamin E supplements in higher doses (> or =100 IU) were associated with a higher risk of aggressive or fatal prostate cancer in nonsmokers from a past prospective study. The dose of vitamin E in the SELECT trial (400 IU/day) is 8 times higher than what has been suggested to be effective (50 IU/day) by the largest randomized prospective trial in which the incidence rate of prostate cancer was used as an endpoint.
Recent research also suggests that dietary vitamin E may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer than the vitamin E supplement. Additionally, recent results from all past cardiovascular prospective, randomized trials suggest that vitamin E shows little benefit for cardiovascular disease risk, especially at the dose being used in the SELECT trial. ... It may be time to conduct a large costly trial to reconsider the use of selenium and vitamin E supplements for the reduction of prostate cancer risk. Some evidence for the use of these supplements exists, but serious embellishment of study findings may be leading to an inappropriate use of these supplements in a clinical setting. PMID: 11937432
Deficiency
Causes of imbalance
Overdose
Vitamin supplements - see above
Deficiency
Food sources for Vitamin E
The following list was derived from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 27 Software v.2.0b
Description |
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) (mg) |
|
Oil, wheat germ |
149.40 |
|
Oil, hazelnut |
47.20 |
|
Oil, sunflower, linoleic (less than 60%) |
41.08 |
|
Oil, almond |
39.20 |
|
Spices, chili powder |
38.14 |
|
Oil, cottonseed, salad or cooking |
35.30 |
|
Seeds, sunflower seed kernels, dried |
35.17 |
|
Oil, safflower, salad or cooking, linoleic, (over 70%) |
34.10 |
|
Oil, rice bran |
32.30 |
|
Spices, pepper, red or cayenne |
29.83 |
|
Spices, paprika |
29.10 |
|
Oil, grapeseed |
28.80 |
|
Nuts, almonds |
25.63 |
|
Nuts, almond butter, plain, without salt added |
24.21 |
|
Nuts, almonds, blanched |
23.75 |
|
Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts, blanched |
17.50 |
|
Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts, dry roasted |
15.28 |
|
Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts |
15.03 |
|
Oil, olive, salad or cooking |
14.35 |
|
Oil, poppyseed |
11.40 |
|
Nuts, mixed nuts, dry roasted, with peanuts |
10.94 |
|
Nuts, pine nuts, dried |
9.33 |
|
Peanut butter, smooth style |
9.10 |
|
Peanut butter, smooth style, without salt |
9.10 |
|
Fish, roe, mixed species, raw |
7.00 |
|
Peanuts, virginia, raw |
6.56 |
|
Mollusks, conch, baked or broiled |
6.33 |
|
Peanut butter, chunk style |
6.30 |
|
Nuts, brazilnuts, dried, unblanched |
5.65 |
|
Seaweed, Canadian Cultivated |
5.53 |
|
Nuts, cashew butter, plain, with salt added |
5.08 |
|
Spices, mustard seed, ground |
5.07 |
|
Seaweed, spirulina, dried |
5.00 |
|
Mollusks, snail, raw |
5.00 |
|
Peanuts, all types, dry-roasted |
4.93 |
|
Spices, turmeric, ground |
4.43 |
|
Apricots, dried, sulfured, uncooked |
4.33 |
|
Tomato products, canned, paste |
4.30 |
|
Fish, eel, mixed species, raw |
4.00 |
|
Mollusks, abalone, mixed species, raw |
4.00 |
|
Olives, pickled, canned or bottled, green |
3.81 |
|
Peppers, jalapeno, raw |
3.58 |
|
Fish, salmon, Atlantic, farmed, raw |
3.55 |
|
Dandelion greens, raw |
3.44 |
|
Spices, cumin seed |
3.33 |
|
Fish, anchovy, european, canned in oil, drained solids |
3.33 |
|
Peppers, hot chile, sun-dried |
3.14 |
|
Fat, turkey |
2.90 |
|
Turnip greens, raw |
2.86 |
|
Crustaceans, crayfish, mixed species, wild, raw |
2.85 |
|
Fat, mutton tallow |
2.80 |
|
Fish, trout, rainbow, farmed, cooked, dry heat |
2.79 |
|
Chicken, broilers or fryers, separable fat, raw |
2.73 |
|
Fat, beef tallow |
2.70 |
|
Fat, chicken |
2.70 |
|
Fat, duck |
2.70 |
|
Fat, goose |
2.70 |
|
Avocados, raw, Florida |
2.66 |
|
Egg, yolk, raw, fresh |
2.58 |
|
Spices, caraway seed |
2.50 |
|
Coriander (cilantro) leaves, raw |
2.50 |
|
Fish, swordfish, cooked, dry heat |
2.41 |
|
Fish, mackerel, salted |
2.38 |
|
Fish, trout, rainbow, farmed, raw |
2.34 |
|
Butter |
2.32 |
|
Spices, cinnamon, ground |
2.32 |
|
Nuts, pistachio nuts, raw |
2.30 |
|
Fish, tuna, white, canned in oil, drained solids |
2.30 |
|
Chicory greens, raw |
2.26 |
|
Collards, raw |
2.26 |
|
Radicchio, raw |
2.26 |
|
Crustaceans, shrimp, mixed species, cooked, moist heat |
2.20 |
|
Seeds, pumpkin and squash seed kernels, dried |
2.18 |
|
Beef, New Zealand, imported, heart, cooked, boiled |
2.09 |
|
Nuts, walnuts, black, dried |
2.08 |
|
Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties |
2.07 |
|
Fish, salmon, sockeye, canned, drained solids |
2.07 |
|
Fish, sardine, Atlantic, canned in oil, drained solids with bone |
2.04 |
|
Spinach, raw |
2.03 |
|
Taro leaves, raw |
2.02 |
|
Fish, swordfish, raw |
2.02 |
|
Mustard greens, raw |
2.01 |
|
Grape leaves, raw |
2.00 |
|
Chard, swiss, raw |
1.89 |
|
Fish, caviar, black and red, granular |
1.89 |
|
Salmon, sockeye, canned, total can contents |
1.88 |
|
Fish, roughy, orange, cooked, dry heat |
1.87 |
|
Lambsquarters, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt |
1.85 |
|
Squash, winter, butternut, frozen, unprepared |
1.85 |
|
Crustaceans, crab, blue, cooked, moist heat |
1.84 |
|
Crustaceans, crab, blue, canned |
1.84 |
|
Beef, New Zealand, imported, liver, raw |
1.84 |
References and further reading
- Urology. 2002 Apr;59(4 Suppl 1):9-19. Selenium and vitamin E supplements for prostate cancer: evidence or embellishment? Moyad MA. Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0330, USA. moyad@umich.edu
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