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Dr Duke's list of Plants with Antidote (Tetrodotoxin) Activity
Identifier
020083
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several species that carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., blue-ringed octopus, rough-skinned newt, and Naticidae) it is actually produced by certain symbiotic bacteria, such as Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, certain species of Pseudomonas and Vibrio, as well as some others that reside within these animals.
Tetrodotoxin inhibits the firing of action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the nerve cell.
Its mechanism of action, selective blocking of the sodium channel, was shown definitively in 1964 by Toshio Narahashi and professor John W. Moore at Duke University, using the sucrose gap voltage clamp technique.
A description of the experience
Number of Chemicals in Plants
with Antidote (Tetrodotoxin) Activity
Anisodus tanguticus (Zang Qie) Plant - 2 chemicals
Atropa bella-donna (Belladonna) Root - 2 chemicals
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Seed - 2 chemicals
Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane) Seed - 2 chemicals
Latua pubiflora (Latua) Leaf - 2 chemicals
Mandragora officinarum (Mandrake) Root - 2 chemicals
Brugmansia amesianum (Culebra) Plant - 2 chemicals
Datura candida (Borrachero) Plant - 1 chemicals
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Flower - 1 chemicals
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Leaf - 1 chemicals
Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) Plant - 1 chemicals
Duboisia myoporoides (Pituri) Leaf - 1 chemicals
Hyoscyamus niger (Henbane) Leaf - 1 chemicals
Scopolia carniolica (Scopolia) Rhizome - 1 chemicals
Solanum dulcamara (Bittersweet) Seed - 1 chemicals
Wed Feb 3 10:56:56 EST 2016
Concentration of Chemicals in Plants
with Antidote (Tetrodotoxin) Activity
Latua pubiflora (Latua) Stem - 10,000 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Leaf - 7,700 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura candida (Borrachero) Plant - 6,600 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Seed - 6,470 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) Seed - 6,100 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Root - 4,680 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Latua pubiflora (Latua) Leaf - 3,700 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Leaf - 3,500 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Shoot - 3,320 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Root - 2,340 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) Plant - 2,000 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Latua pubiflora (Latua) Seed - 1,600 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Flower - 1,340 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura metel (Hindu Datura) Stem - 780 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Scopolia carniolica (Scopolia) Rhizome - 600 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Datura innoxia (Thorn Apple) Seed - 410 ppm total [1 chemical(s)]
Atropa bella-donna (Belladonna) Root - 176 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Mandragora officinarum (Mandrake) Root - 140 ppm total [2 chemical(s)]
Wed Feb 3 10:57:19 EST 2016
The source of the experience
Dr Dukes plant databaseConcepts, symbols and science items
Concepts
Symbols
Science Items
Activities and commonsteps
Activities
Overloads
AnticholinergicsBeing bitten or stung by ants, insects or other creatures
Eating dream fish, newts, frogs and shellfish
Toxins
Suppressions
AtropineBelladonna
Bittersweet
Brugmansia
Datura
Henbane
Hyoscamine
Latua
Mandrake
Pituri
Scopolamine
Scopolia
Zang-Qie