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Smoking addiction treatments
Category: Medicines
Type
Involuntary
Introduction and description
The drugs within this category are intended to help you give up smoking.
They do this by replacing the nicotine that comes from cigarettes [or pipes or snuff or cigars!], by nicotine itself or a nicotinic receptor agonist that is administered in tablet form, via a gum, or via a patch or similar.
You are healthier because you no longer inhale the smoke, and these medicines help wean you off the nicotine.
So runs the theory.
A conundrum
Initially the observations in this section were for the hallucinations caused by overdosing on these drugs.
Perhaps we had become so used to the idea that man-made pharmaceuticals cause hallucinations and deaths, that we forgot that Nicotine is not a man made pharmaceutical, it is 'God given', in that it occurs in a large number of plants, not just tobacco.
As more observations for Nicotine were obtained we found ourselves in a strange position. Nicotine is, from all the evidence, an immensely important healing chemical. Along with the other chemicals found in the original tobacco plants, such as Nicotiana Rustica we find the following:
Dr Duke's Biological Activities of NICOTINE
- Analgesic; 2 mg/kg ipr mus; BBE;
- Cholinergic;
- Dopaminigenic; QJC28(4):258;
- Tranquilizer; PJB1(1):181;
In some respects, therefore, the true Nicotine based patches and gums in this section might have far greater potential than just weaning people off cigarettes.
They might be a lifeline for someone with incurable injuries, or with chronic pain from rheumatoid arthritis or Ehlers Danlos syndrome.
Thus the observations we have for this section are of two types - hallucinations and healing.
Hallucinations
The first set of observations cover the hallucinations from overdose and perhaps more importantly using nicotinic receptor agonists and not Nicotine.
The number of hallucinations from simple Nicotine only products is, relatively speaking, quite small and something of a surprise, as it is very easy to overdose on Nicotine, the amount needed is actually quite tiny. We expected more hallucinations and we did not get them. We should be reassured by the figures rather than dismayed.
Nicotine is 'strong medicine', it has the potential to kill. From 40 to 60 mg represents a lethal dose for humans. In effect, sixty milligrams [max] of nicotine has the potential to kill an adult who is not a smoker, if all of the nicotine is absorbed.
Nicotine therefore has a high toxicity in comparison to many other alkaloids.
Smokers actually get very little nicotine in reality. ‘Free base’ nicotine will burn at a temperature below its boiling point, and its vapors will combust at 308 K (35 °C; 95 °F) in air. Because of this, most of the nicotine is burned when a cigarette is smoked. You actually get, via smoking, a very ‘low dose’. This then begs the question, what are smokers actually addicted to - the Nicotine or the Smoke? Smoke acts like a stimulant or amphetamine. It provokes the flight or fight response. It is a strange sort of addictive high - as those on amphetamines will tell you. Nicotine in contrast is a relaxant. What is the person addicted to - the up or the down?
In cigarettes, there is possibly more up, because there are more toxins. In pipe and cigar smokers there may be more 'down' as there may be fewer toxins and more of the nicotine may get through.
Given the low amount of nicotine that people who smoke cigarettes are actually getting, giving them a patch of Nicotine or Nicotine gum, is actually possibly giving them far more than they have ever actually experienced! The first time for years they were relaxed.
If we take one example from the Nicotine based products - in this case Nicorette - the most common Nicorette side effects, according to eHealthme are:
- Nicotine Dependence (1,154 reports)
- Nausea (986 reports)
- Drug Ineffective (701 reports)
- Drug Administration Error (536 reports)
- Malaise (469 reports)
- Drug Dependence (466 reports)
- Dizziness (367 reports)
- Drug Abuse And Dependence (313 reports)
- Nausea And Vomiting (305 reports)
- Headache (284 reports)
To a large extent, from this it appears that whereas the people were addicted to the cigarette 'high', now they are addicted to the effects of nicotine itself - relaxation and that laid back feeling. And the overdosing is clear from the many reports of nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headaches from the lowered blood pressure, as well as the 'drug administration error'.
Deaths
In a pattern which is now becoming familiar, by far the largest number of hallucinations and deaths are caused by a man-made drug, the type of drug researchers like to call 'novel', meaning it is unknown in nature, an invented drug in other words.
This one is a nicotinic receptor agonist.
It goes via the trade names Champix [in Canada] and thus since the eHealthme site is US based, we have no figures under this trade name. Its chemical name is Varenicline, but its trade name in the US is Chantix.
Varenicline and its trade names:
- On Sep, 26, 2015: 63,224 people reported to have side effects when taking Chantix. Among them, 307 people (0.49%) have Death.
- Nausea (12,426 reports)
- Depression (10,632 reports)
- Stress And Anxiety (8,507 reports)
- Abnormal Dreams (6,444 reports)
- Insomnia (5,319 reports)
- Suicidal Ideation (4,641 reports)
- Headache (3,834 reports)
- Nausea And Vomiting (3,770 reports)
- Feeling Abnormal (3,617 reports)
- Aggression (3,565 reports)
These are symptomatic of being poisoned. Thus the mechamism by which this drug is producing hallucinations and deaths is different from the Nicotine only drugs.
It is interesting that suicidal ideation is a common side-effect of both genders, as is depression and anxiety. Women are sick, men feel sick. And the drug doesn't work.
Most common side effects by gender :
Female | Male |
Nausea | Depression |
Depression | Anxiety |
Anxiety | Nausea |
Abnormal Dreams | Abnormal Dreams |
Insomnia | Aggression |
Vomiting | Suicidal Ideation |
Headache | Insomnia |
Suicidal Ideation | Suicide Attempt |
Malaise | Feeling Abnormal |
Feeling Abnormal | Drug Ineffective |
Therapeutic use - healing
In contrast with the mis-application and mis-use of nicotine as a smoking cessation aid, nicotine in tiny controlled doses has found far more therapeutic uses.
You will find many observations under the general heading of nicotine itself, but even this section shows that there are researchers [many in China, interestingly enough] who are actively exploring the use of patches as a means of pain relief in a number of illnesses, including:
- ADHD
- Alzheimers and dementia
- Parkinsons
- Tourette's syndrome
- Schizophrenia and
- Multiple sclerosis
in some cases, the therapy in not just to alleviate pain, but is being explored as a healing agent, restoring damaged nerves and tissues.
How it works
Man-made nicotinic agonists
The hallucinations and deaths from the man made drug are simply cases of Poisoning.
Nicotine itself
But the hallucinations from the Nicotine only products appear to be principally caused by an over invocation of the parasympathetic nervous system - which would have resulted in a drop in blood pressure and possibly hypoxia as a consequence.
The consequences of overdosing on Nicotine should not be ignored. The following figures come from eHealthme
- On Oct, 16, 2015: 4,768 people reported to have side effects when taking Commit. Among them, 3 people (0.06%) have Death
- On Oct, 14, 2015: 10,063 people reported to have side effects when taking Nicorette. Among them, 15 people (0.15%) have Death
- On Sep, 30, 2015: 8,373 people reported to have side effects when taking Nicoderm cq. Among them, 9 people (0.11%) have Death
- On Oct, 16, 2015: 2,346 people reported to have side effects when taking Nicotrol. Among them, 10 people (0.43%) have Death
- On Oct, 16, 2015: 1,257 people reported to have side effects when taking Nicotine polacrilex. Among them, 2 people (0.16%) have Death
A total of 39 people. Worrying and sad, but a big difference from the 307 people who have died from Chantix and capable of being explained and thus stopped.
This is what happens when you give a very nervous smoker, a person who may have told the doctor they were on 40 a day, but in reality were on practically no nicotine but a great deal of stimulatory smoke, a big dose of nicotine. This would represent a massive overdose, and death, as you can see.
In severe cases of overdose, the onset of symptoms is rapid beginning with gastrointestinal distress – vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain; there is acute salivation. You may get headaches, lightheadedness, weakness, confusion, ataxia [gross lack of coordination of muscle movements], diaphoresis [excessive sweating].
There is a stimulatory phase followed by an inhibitory phase that occurs over 24 hours. Hypertension and tachycardia may thus develop first, followed by hypotension and bradycardia. Then you will get
“decreased deep tendon reflexes, fasciculations [small, local, involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations visible under the skin arising from the spontaneous discharge of a bundle of skeletal muscle fibres], paralysis, cardiovascular collapse and then death”
High doses can result in death from cardiac arrest “within 5 minutes of ingestion”.
Observations
There are very few products, the observation table shows the brand names for which hallucination figures exist.
Other products include Nicotinell, Niquitin, Boots NicAssist, and Habitrol.
The numbers show the number of hallucinations [spiritual experiences] caused by these products as recorded on the eHealthme web site and compiled from SEDA and FDA figures.
Since Varenicline/Chantix has a particularly impressive record, more detail is given about this drug in a specific observation.
The link takes you to the eHealthme web site where up-to-date figures for the side effects can be found.
Observation identifiers |
Observation name |
Number of observations |
001509 |
1,170 |
|
001510 |
Varenicline case history |
1 |
018147 |
2 |
|
018154 |
Nicotine [other pharms] |
138 |
018148 |
30 |
|
018149 |
6 |
|
018151 |
52 |
|
018152 |
16 |
|
018153 |
31 |
|
|
TOTAL |
1, 546 |
The drug Dianicline (SSR-591,813) was a drug being developed by Sanofi-Aventis which acted as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and which was being developed as a medication to assist in smoking cessation. Drug development, however, “was discontinued after reporting of unfavourable results during Phase III trials”; which is why it is not in this list.
Related observations
Healing observations
- A single Psilocybin trip - Jordan Peterson talks about Dr Roland Griffith's research 029420
- Association of tobacco exposure and reduction of radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a French multicenter cohort 018142
- Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: results from a preliminary observational study in Canada 017553
- Defragmentation and Factory Restore Ibogaine; TA extract of iboga by Morninggloryseed 017438
- Efficacy of fresh lime for smoking cessation 021221
- Mechanisms involved in the chemoprotective effects of rosemary extract studied in human liver and bronchial cells 017758
- Neuronal nicotinic receptors as analgesic targets: it's a winding road 018145
- Nicotine and ADHD 005286
- Nicotine and Alzheimers 005281
- Nicotine and Parkinsons disease 005279
- Nicotine and schizophrenia 005277
- Nicotine and Tourette's 005276
- Nicotine as Therapy 017963
- Nicotinic stimulation and Parkinson's disease 005278
- No Boundaries Ibogaine by TPTB 017442
- Peripheral alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signalling attenuates tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after nerve injury in mice 017962
- Plantain tea - The Healing power of herbs – Ceres Esplan 019573
- Sensory deprivation and sleep as a cure for smoking 011884
- Smoke and toxin chelation 017748
- The Emerging Role of Mindfulness Meditation as Effective Self-Management Strategy, Part 2: Clinical Implications for Chronic Pain, Substance Misuse, and Insomnia 023459
- To Heaven and Back Methadone & Ibogaine by Jasen 017440
Hallucination
- Argyria and convulsive seizures caused by ingestion of silver in a patient with schizophrenia 024200
- Brain injury associated with widely abused amphetamines: neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and blood-brain barrier 023922
- Bupropion 017329
- Cessation of smoking and Hallucination, auditory - from FDA reports 024511
- Champix, Chantix and Varenicline 001509
- Commit 018149
- Habitrol 019098
- Higher than a kite taking PRISTIQ 012632
- Nicoderm Cq 019688
- Nicoderm cq 018151
- Nicorette 018148
- Nicotine Polacrilex 019689
- Nicotine Polacrilex 018153
- Nicotine [pharmaceutical - other] 018154
- Nicotrol 019690
- Nicotrol 018152
- Rustica Harvest by Jason EROWID 018150
- Varenecline and Chantix 018147
- Varenicline case history 001510
- Wellbutrin sr 024183
- Wellbutrin xl 024184
- Zyban 017331
Wisdom, Inspiration, Divine love & Bliss
- Defragmentation and Factory Restore Ibogaine; TA extract of iboga by Morninggloryseed 017438
- To Heaven and Back Methadone & Ibogaine by Jasen 017440
Out of time
- Defragmentation and Factory Restore Ibogaine; TA extract of iboga by Morninggloryseed 017438
- No Boundaries Ibogaine by TPTB 017442
- To Heaven and Back Methadone & Ibogaine by Jasen 017440
In time
- A single Psilocybin trip - Jordan Peterson talks about Dr Roland Griffith's research 029420
- Defragmentation and Factory Restore Ibogaine; TA extract of iboga by Morninggloryseed 017438
- Higher than a kite taking PRISTIQ 012632
- No Boundaries Ibogaine by TPTB 017442
- To Heaven and Back Methadone & Ibogaine by Jasen 017440