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Multiple myeloma
Category: Illness or disabilities
Type
Involuntary
Introduction and description
Multiple myeloma (myelo- + -oma, "marrow" + "tumor"), also known as plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, or Kahler's disease (after Otto Kahler), is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for producing antibodies.
It is thus both a type of blood circulatory disease and cancer. In multiple myeloma, collections of abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, where they interfere with the production of normal blood cells.
The causes of the cancer are the same as they are for most diseases on this site – toxins, heavy metals, viruses, parasites, bacteria, fungi, pharmaceuticals and radiation being the key ones. More details will be given later. It affects many other species besides human beings, indicating that the pathogens responsible are ubiquitous and deadly. The disease has been diagnosed in dogs, cats, and horses but these are animals cared for by vets, it may affect numerous other species and this is not being monitored.
Multiple myeloma, globally, resulted in about 74,000 deaths in 2010 up from 49,000 in 1990. In the United States in 2014, there will be an estimated 24,050 new cases (incidence) and 11,090 deaths (mortality). These numbers are based on assumptions made using data from 2011, which estimated the prevalence as 83,367 people, the incidence as 6.1 per 100,000 people per year, and the mortality as 3.4 per 100,000 people per year.
Multiple myeloma is the second most prevalent blood cancer (10%) after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It represents approximately 1% of all cancers and 2% of all cancer deaths.
Multiple myeloma affects slightly more men than women. African Americans and Native Pacific Islanders have the highest reported incidence of this disease in the United States and Asians the lowest. Results of a recent study found the incidence of myeloma to be 9.5 cases per 100,000 African Americans and 4.1 cases per 100,000 Caucasian Americans. Among African Americans, myeloma is one of the top 10 leading causes of cancer death. Myeloma is the 17th most common cancer in the UK (around 4,800 people were diagnosed with the disease in 2011), and it is the 16th most common cause of cancer death (around 2,700 people died in 2012).
Lymphomas, multiple myeloma world map - Death - WHO2004
In this map the darker the colours the more deaths. The clustering is interesting with the Democratic Republic of Congo and Iraq featuring quite strongly. Bolivia also appears to be susceptible in South America.
The pathogen[s] causing the disease appear to be able to do permanent genetic damage as a ‘familial predisposition’ to myeloma exists. Hyperphosphorylation of a number of proteins - the paratarg proteins - is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Thus this disease is spreading via the pathogen [s] and via inheritance.
Although doctors have established a treatment regime which involves a whole host of extremely unpleasant procedures, in general these only buy time and often very little time.
Wikipedia
Multiple myeloma is considered to be incurable. Remissions may be induced with steroids, chemotherapy, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide or lenalidomide, and stem cell transplants. Radiation therapy is sometimes used to reduce pain from bone lesions.
Diagnosis
Multiple myeloma is currently diagnosed with blood tests (serum protein electrophoresis, serum free kappa/lambda light chain assay), bone marrow examination, urine protein electrophoresis, and X-rays of commonly involved bones.
Symptoms
Multiple myeloma can affect every organ simply because white blood cells are key to our immune system. If they are affected then every pathogen in our body can have a field day – and they do. Although the total immunoglobulin level is typically elevated in multiple myeloma, the majority of the antibodies are ineffective monoclonal antibodies from the clonal plasma cell. Just some of the symptoms include:
- Bone pain - which affects almost 70% of patients and is the most common symptom. Myeloma bone pain usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity. Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture. Involvement of the vertebrae may lead to spinal cord compression. The breakdown of bone also leads to release of calcium into the blood, leading to hypercalcemia and its associated symptoms.
- Anaemia - The anemia found in myeloma results from the replacement of normal bone marrow by infiltrating tumor cells and inhibition of normal red blood cell production (hematopoiesis) by cytokines.
- Kidney failure - may develop both acutely and chronically. The most common cause of kidney failure in multiple myeloma is due to proteins secreted by the malignant cells. Myeloma cells produce monoclonal proteins of varying types, most commonly immunoglobulins (antibodies) and free light chains, resulting in abnormally high levels of these proteins in the blood. Depending on the size of these proteins, they may be excreted through the kidneys. . Increased bone resorption leads to hypercalcemia and causes nephrocalcinosis thereby contributing to the kidney failure. Amyloidosis is a distant third in the causation. Patients with amyloidosis have high levels of amyloid protein that can be excreted through the kidneys and cause damage to the kidneys and other organs.
- Headache, visual changes and retinopathy may be the result of hyperviscosity of the blood depending on the properties of the paraprotein.
- Pain and loss of bladder control - There may be “radicular pain, loss of bowel or bladder control (due to involvement of spinal cord leading to cord compression) or carpal tunnel syndrome and other neuropathies (due to infiltration of peripheral nerves by amyloid), which may give rise to paraplegia in late presenting cases”.
The real problem with this disease is trying to separate the true causes of the disease from the knock on effects of immune system compromise. If the immune system is no longer effective, symptoms can be the result of pathogens entering the system at a later date, as opposed to pathogens causing the disease in the first place.
The most common infections, for example, are pneumonias and pyelonephritis. Common pneumonia pathogens include S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae, while common pathogens causing pyelonephritis include E. coli and other gram-negative organisms. But, these symptoms seem only to appear after treatment starts – "The greatest risk period for the occurrence of infection is in the initial few months after the start of chemotherapy”.
It is also very clear that there are a whole host of symptoms that have nothing to do with the disease itself including “neurological symptoms resulting from current treatments, some of which may cause peripheral neuropathy, manifesting itself as numbness or pain in the hands, feet, and lower legs”.
Causes
Pharmaceuticals
One key cause in western countries appears to be pharmaceuticals. Immunosuppressants appear to have a particularly bad record for causing it. But any pharmaceuticals that suppress the immune system and its response, thereby allow the pathogens causing the disease, [many of which appear to have viral latency and thus are already in the system] to reactivate. We have selected an example case study to demonstrate, then we will look at the more generic figures
A 61-year-old woman was diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and began treatment with salazosulfapyridine (SASP) and methotrexate (MTX) in 2008; the administration of concomitant tacrolimus (TAC) was initiated in 2010. She subsequently developed concurrent multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin G (IgG)-κ type, in 2012. A portion of the tumor cells tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER). MTX treatment was discontinued in 2014, and the exacerbation of MM ensued. …. The Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection arising from the increased RA disease activity and immunosuppressant medication might have influenced the development of MM in this case. PMID: 25973110
The eHealthme website keeps a record of the Adverse Drug Reports from doctors and this LINK takes you to the drugs that have been implicated in causing multiple myeloma. The list is long. Of the classes of drugs and examine just a few that are on this list we find:
- NSAIDS and pain killers - including aspirin and COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin also reduces inflammation and thus in some senses is a suppressant of the immune system and the natural pain response to an invader.
- Osteopororsis treatments - which appear to have a very impressive record in this area. If we take but one of these drugs and look at the figures from eHealthme this is the result. Remember these people started with osteoporosis.....
On Jun, 23, 2015: 13,495 people reported to have side effects when taking Aredia. Among them, 1,076 people (7.97%) have Multiple Myeloma.
- Diabetes treatments - including the class thiazolidinedione (TZD) with hypoglycemic (antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic) action
- Chemotherapy treatments - and here it may be that treatment in one area caused cancer in another, or that the drug was being misused. So called 'off-label' use.
- Immunosuppressants are a very major cause of this disease. The corticosteriods for example are found in numerous other classes of drugs to treat psoriasis, asthma and any disease which causes inflammation. They suppress the inflammation by suppressing the inflammatory response which is an immune one. In effect they block the immune system. Cyclophosphamide is used to treat so called autoimmune diseases. "Because of its toxicity, it is discontinued as soon as possible, and replaced by less toxic drugs if necessary. Regular and frequent laboratory evaluations are required to monitor kidney function, avoid drug-induced bladder complications, and screen for bone marrow toxicity [sic]". The following is from eHealthme
On Jun, 6, 2015: 44,462 people reported to have side effects when taking Cyclophosphamide. Among them, 255 people (0.57%) have Multiple Myeloma.
On Jun, 2, 2015: 53,187 people reported to have side effects when taking Dexamethasone. Among them, 1,832 people (3.44%) have Multiple Myeloma.
- Asthma, and COPD drugs - including vasodilators . If the asthma is being caused by a pathogen, vasodilation will simply provide greater access of the pathogen to the system via the lungs.
- Anti-fungal agents - which act in some respects like antibiotics destroying the gut flora and thus opening us up to further infection
- Diuretics - particularly, but not exclusively, loop diuretics. Yet again indicating the body regards this class of drug as toxic
- Anti-histamines - which are another form of immunosuppressant. One of the reactions of the immune system to a pathogen is to release histamine so that the immune system can send defences more easily to the site. Inflammation is thus a symptom not a cause. Anti-histamines block the immune response to the pathogen, as such one assumes the pathogen is then able to cause the myeloma. Anti-histamines are used extensively and even found in OTC 'medicines'. An example from eHealthme
On Jun, 11, 2015: 26,447 people reported to have side effects when taking Benadryl. Among them, 122 people (0.46%) have Multiple Myeloma.
- Gout medications - gout is caused by pathogens. When the pathogen is discovered by the immune system it increases the amount of uric acid because uric acid is an 'anti-pathogenic' part of the blood. One of the symptoms of gout is that crystals form around the pathogen and uric acid forms the 'prison'. Gout medications decrease the uric acid. In effect although they relieve the symptoms of gout because no crystal forms, they block the immune system response to what might be a truly deadly pathogen. Allopurinol, for example, sold under the brand name Zyloprim is one such medication. Here are the figures from eHealthme
On May, 30, 2015: 50,588 people reported to have side effects when taking Allopurinol. Among them, 430 people (0.85%) have Multiple Myeloma.
- Insomnia treatments - There appears to be quite a time lag between getting the myeloma and taking the drug. Sleep is essential for healing and thus if the sleep pattern is in any way disturbed the pathogens causing the myeloma will be able to spread. It is thus impossible to say whether it is the lack of sleep that caused the myeloma or use of the drugs
For example Zolpidem (brand names Ambien, Ambien CR, Intermezzo, Stilnox, Stilnoct, Sublinox, Hypnogen, Zonadin, Sanval, Zolsana and Zolfresh) is a prescription medication used for the treatment of insomnia and some brain disorders. Here are the figures from eHealthme
On Jun, 17, 2015: 43,174 people reported to have side effects when taking Ambien. Among them, 375 people (0.87%) have Multiple Myeloma.
- Antibiotics - antibiotics are known to disrupt the natural defences we have in our intestines - 'gut flora'. Thus by taking antibiotics one lays oneself open to pathogens. The common mis-prescription of antibiotics for viral complaints like the common cold do not help.
- Statins - are present in large numbers as causative agents. Statins are used to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, in the liver. Cholesterol is an essential structural component of animal cell membranes. It is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. It is thus a repair material. Statins take away the repair material and furthermore as cells are attacked by pathogens ensure that there is nothing to do any more repairs with. They are a form of slow death. High cholesterol is a symptom not a cause - a symptom of attack by pathogens.
- Blood thinners - like Warfarin or Clopidogrel. Here the mechanism by which myeloma is produced are difficult to work out. It might be that simply altering the blood's composition results in lower uric acid concentrations and thus more chance for pathogens to act. Warfarin , for example, is known by the brand names Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, Uniwarfin. It was initially introduced in 1948 as a pesticide against rats and mice, and is still used for this purpose. It was approved for use as a medication in 1954, and 'has remained popular ever since'. Warfarin is the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant drug in North America.
On Jun, 9, 2015: 72,237 people reported to have side effects when taking Coumadin. Among them, 469 people (0.65%) have Multiple Myeloma.
Toxins
One of the clear patterns to emerge from the map above is that many of these are warzones and of those that aren't many contain people who have fought in warzones - like Iraq. There appears to be a clear link between chemical warfare in these warzones and multiple types of cancer, although myeloma does figure very highly in the statistics.
[The study covered] Veterans, identified from service records, with Vietnam service between 1964 and 1972. Of the 3322 survivors of Vietnam service, we followed up 2783 (84%)........ All cause mortality was significantly reduced .... and cancer incidence non-significantly increased. The risk of mortality from cancers of the head and neck ... ; oral cavity pharynx and larynx .... and the incidence of chronic lymphatic leukaemia ...were significantly increased. Other lymphohaematopoietic disorders, specifically multiple myeloma and Hodgkin disease, showed non-significant mortality excesses, reflected by a similar increase in incidence.
Service in the Vietnam war was associated with defoliant herbicide exposure, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, picloram and cacodylic acid. Subsequent reviews of mechanistic, animal and epidemiological evidence led to certain conditions being deemed compensable. The pattern of mortality and cancer incidence is not at odds with the list of compensable conditions and consistent with that found in Australian veterans serving in the same area of Vietnam, ..... In common with the Australian experience, this is the only veterans group to show a significant excess of CLL. PMID: 24002985
A defoliant is any chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause its leaves to fall off. A classic example of a highly toxic defoliant is Agent Orange [Agent Orange was manufactured by Monsanto Corporation and Dow Chemicals], which the U.S. military used to defoliate regions of Vietnam during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1970. Defoliants differ from herbicides in that the former seeks mainly to strip leaves from plants, and the latter is used to destroy or inhibit the growth of plants.
Defoliants are used in cotton production to aid harvesting. But one very alarming use is in potato harvesting. The following is a genuine paper for use by farmers
Without foliage destruction an efficient harvest is impossible [sic]. Potatoes for the fresh market are often harvested when the foliage is still heavy green due to tuber size and starch content that must be limited. …. Spray schemes based on metoxuron, carfentrazone-ethyl and diquat at a dose of 300 g/ha caused slower leaf and stem desiccation. Over the 3 growing seasons it could be concluded that mechanical foliage destruction in combination with carfentrazone-ethyl + mineral oil promoted periderm formation better than the other desiccation schemes tested. …. A double treatment of diquat (300 g/ha) or carfentrazone-ethyl + mineral oil followed by diquat (600 g/ha) after 3 days gave satisfactory results. Rhizoctonia tuber infection increased with a longer field period after treatment PMID: 15756866
It is unclear from this paper whether it would only be the farmer who was spraying, the workers who subsequently picked the crops [say cotton], and those living in adjoining countryside who would 'benefit' from this application of the defoliant. Effects on the tuber itself, were not part of the research.
African Americans suffer very badly from multiple myeloma, maybe this is one reason why.
Radiation
Another group of people at risk are the Pacific islanders, with very high incidences of the disease. What one activity was predominant in these areas? - atomic bombing and atomic bomb tests by both America and France.
A marked increase in leukemia risks was the first and most striking late effect of radiation exposure seen among the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. This article presents analyses of radiation effects on leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma incidence in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors updated 14 years since the last comprehensive report on these malignancies. These analyses make use of tumor- and leukemia-registry based incidence data on 113,011 cohort members with 3.6 million person-years of follow-up from late 1950 through the end of 2001. …... The leukemia results indicated that there was a nonlinear dose response for leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia or adult T-cell leukemia, which varied markedly with time and age at exposure, with much of the evidence for this nonlinearity arising from the acute myeloid leukemia risks. Although the leukemia excess risks generally declined with attained age or time since exposure, there was evidence that the radiation-associated excess leukemia risks, especially for acute myeloid leukemia, had persisted throughout the follow-up period out to 55 years after the bombings. As in earlier analyses, there was a weak suggestion of a radiation dose response for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among men, with no indication of such an effect among women. PMID: 23398354
Nanoparticles
A particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit with respect to its transport and properties. The term Nanopowders then describes agglomerates of ultrafine particles or nanoparticles.
Nanometer-sized single crystals, or single-domain ultrafine particles, are often referred to as nanocrystals.
They are one of the most dangerous new inventions by science to have been released into the environment without adequate analysis and understanding of their damage. And they are being implicated in cancer amongst many other diseases. If you glance at the map of occurrences of myelomas in Europe there is a curious pattern of increasing incidence as one nears Iceland. Iceland has had a number of volcanic explosions recently and volcanic ash includes nanoparticles – a natural source.
Vitamin supplements, mineral supplements and food supplements
Overdosing on supplements instead of eating properly is no different to overdosing on any drug. There are numerous examples on the causal effect of supplements on the eHealthme site, for example,
On Jun, 23, 2015: 84,181 people reported to have side effects when taking Folic acid. Among them, 235 people (0.28%) have Multiple Myeloma.
Cosmetics, anti-bacterials and disinfectants
Antibacterials are used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes). But all disinfectants and strong anti-bacterials also fight the natural protection of our skin, as well as all our other orifices - the eye, nose, throat, vagina and so on. Thus, when our natural protection has been compromised a pathogen can enter. The links here are not as strong as in other areas. It is very difficult to cross relate the use of a chemical like this to myelomas directly and the reports show that these people were takin other pharmaceuticals as well as using these , but the figures are there, so all we can say is that more investigation is needed. The figures are from eHealthme, this is just one product in this class of drugs
On Jun, 23, 2015: 2,365 people reported to have side effects when taking Chlorhexidine gluconate. Among them, 226 people (9.56%) have Multiple Myeloma.
Heavy metal poisoning
The Democratic Republic of the Congo or Zaïre is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. With a population of over 75 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country, the fourth most populated nation in Africa and the nineteenth most populated country in the world. So the fact it also has one of the highest myeloma rates in the world are of some concern.
The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources, but politically unstable. There is not a single environmental or worker protection law that seems to be in effective operation in the country. Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi, two of its major cities are both mining communities. DR Congo's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of DRC's exports in 2012. And the Congo is the world's largest producer of cobalt ore, and a major producer of copper - both of which are classified as heavy metals. It also mines diamonds. All mining results in ‘tailings’, which are the rejected minerals and rocks liberated through mining and processing.
Tailings are not part of the aerobic ecological systems and are unstable. They have the potential to damage the environment by releasing toxic metals (arsenic, mercury being two major culprits), by acid drainage (usually by microbial action on sulfide ores), or by damaging aquatic wildlife that rely on clear water
In effect, not only is there exposure to Cobalt and Copper, but also direct exposure to heavy metals like mercury , cadmium and lead and also indirect exposure through the food chain. Now a paper
Hypoxia is a common feature of tumors that occurs across a wide variety of malignancies. Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignant disorder of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although bone marrow hypoxia is crucial for normal hematopoiesis, the effect of hypoxia on multiple myeloma is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-mediated hypoxia decreased cell viability and altered gene expression in U266 human multiple myeloma cells. CoCl2 induced the loss of cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, FACS analysis revealed that the loss of cell viability was related to apoptosis. Using microarray analysis, we identified mRNA expression profile changes in response to CoCl2 treatment in U266 cells. Four hundred and fifty-two mRNAs exhibited >2-fold changes in expression in CoCl2-treated U266 cells compared to their expression in control cells. A follow-up bioinformatics study revealed that a great number of genes with altered expression were involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, transcription and development. In conclusion, these results provide novel evidence that CoCl2-mediated hypoxia affects the expression profiles of genes that are functionally related to apoptosis and angiogenesis in U266 multiple myeloma cells. PMID: 22941251
the risks to females from Cadmium appear to be higher than in men, although the study size in the paper below was maybe too small to make these generalisations, given the sheer number of possible causes
gender and cohort specific differences in results were observed. In females the risk of B-cell NHL was more than doubled in those with a body burden of Cd >1 µg/L PMID: 24312375
Bolivia, that stands almost alone in South America with high rates of myeloma. Bolivia is very wealthy in minerals, including silver but especially tin. Thus another heavy metal which is both processed and mined may be a contributory factor.
Viral infections
The majority of cases of multiple myeloma that have been recorded in PubMed have been of viruses that have latency. In effect, the person has the virus, it has become latent, but the person’s immune system becomes compromised by a poor diet or stress or, as we have seen above, all the pharmaceuticals [of which there are many] that suppress the immune system just when we need it most. In the following list the viruses are named and then a PubMed reference number that can be used to look up the appropriate paper or papers. There are many more papers on this, only a small number have been included. Some provide a very definite link, some an interesting correlation:
- Varicella zoster virus - PMID: 26041667;
- Epstein Barr virus - PMID: 25973110; 25901337; 1405708
- Hepatitis B - PMID: 25969681; 25832927
- Cytomegalovirus – PMID: 25810117
- John Cunningham-virus – PMID: 25497861
- Hepatitis C - PMID: 25908268
- Herpes simplex – see paper below
- Rubella virus – see paper below
- Morbilli virus – see paper below. Morbillivirus is a genus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Currently known species include Canine distemper virus, Cetacean morbillivirus, measles virus (rubeola), peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, phocine distemper virus, and rinderpest virus. Feline morbillivirus is also a member of this genus.
- Measles virus – PMID: 6379751
- Mumps virus – see below
- Rotavirus – see paper below
- Retroviruses - PMID: 15725478
- Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) - also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8); PMID: 11785841; PMID: 11139326
Antibodies to common viruses in sera from patients with multiple myeloma. Bjerrum OW, Mansa B.
The results of screening for antibodies against rubella, morbilli, mumps, herpes simplex, rota and Epstein-Barr virus in serum from patients with multiple myeloma are reported. Antibodies against herpes simplex virus were found in all samples, present in high titres in most samples. Antibody titres against the other five viruses were generally low. A possible association of common virus infections and myelomatosis is discussed. PMID: 6301212
Vaccines
The name for a vaccine that has a live virus in it is an attenuated vaccine. Although most attenuated vaccines are viral, some are bacterial in nature. Examples include the viral diseases yellow fever, measles, rubella, and mumps, and the bacterial disease typhoid. As we can see from the description above, many reproductive diseases can be caused by viruses and bacteria. There appears to be a belief by those promoting vaccines that the immune system defeats the virus as it builds up an immunological record. But there is now enough research to show that this is not the case. A virulent strain of attenuated virus may replicate very fast before the immune system has had time to muster its defences - particularly if the virus is injected or administered by nasal spray. A virus is capable of then secreting itself and one place it appears to hide is the bone marrow. There is then the added problem of virus latency. As such multiple myeloma may be caused by viruses, obtained from vaccines, emerging at times of stress, or high emotion and thus low immunological function.
Bacterial infections
Bacteria have been implicated in myeloma like illnesses, for example
Bone involvement is an unusual manifestation of secondary syphilis, …. We describe a case of secondary syphilis with multiple osteolytic lesions, mimicking metastatic cancer or myeloma ….. Of … 37 patients, 28 (76%) patients were male, and the median age was 32 years (range, 12-64 years). Eleven (30%) patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection … The diagnosis of early syphilis was suspected based on mucocutaneous findings in 28 (76%) cases. In the remaining 9 (24%) cases, high titers of nontreponemal serologic tests were the only evidence of early syphilis. … The bones most often affected were long bones of the limbs (n = 22) and skull (n = 21). The bone lesions were multifocal in 27 (73%) cases and osteolytic in 19 (51%) cases. ….prognosis was favorable with high-dose penicillin therapy. Clinical features and outcome between HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected patients were not different. PMID: 25118965
Again we have the pattern that the immune system was compromised – this time by HIV and this allowed the syphilis to spread into the bone. Another example:
Nutritionally variant Streptococci (NVS), Abiotrophia and Granulicatella are implicated in causing endocarditis and blood stream infections more frequently than other sites of infection. …. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of NVS bacteremia in cancer patients …. The computerized epidemiology report provided by the microbiology laboratory identified thirteen cancer patients with NVS bacteremia. …. Ten patients (77%) had hematologic malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)(1), multiple myeloma (MM)(1), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)(4), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)(4). The non-hematologic malignancies included esophageal cancer and bladder cancer PMID: 25960858
Treatment
Find the cause.
Suggestions on healing aids are found under the general heading of cancer.
References and further reading
Radiat Res. 2013 Mar;179(3):361-82. doi: 10.1667/RR2892.1. Epub 2013 Feb 11. The incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma among atomic bomb survivors: 1950-2001. Hsu WL1, Preston DL, Soda M, Sugiyama H, Funamoto S, Kodama K, Kimura A, Kamada N, Dohy H, Tomonaga M, Iwanaga M, Miyazaki Y, Cullings HM, Suyama A, Ozasa K, Shore RE, Mabuchi K. 1Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.