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Extract from Internet article:  Evolution and Prototypes by Dr A Thorne

Whenever an analysis is made of the functional requirements for a system, and a system like that has not been designed before, three things may occur

• first, several alternative designs may be suggested
• second, those that appear to be cost effective may be tested/used in parallel
• third, those that appear effective in use may continue to be enhanced

We can think of numerous man made examples – cars being an obvious one,  where alternative designs have been produced and enhanced/evolved over time.  Along the way, those unsuited to the changes in society/environment which occurred, were scrapped.

In nature – physically – there are quite a number of examples where several prototypes – sometimes numerous prototypes were tested out over quite long periods.  Many animals and plants were tested out and often the tests were made in geographically isolated locations.

The idea of geographical isolation goes against everything the anthropologists would have us believe.  They would like a species to somehow pop up in one place and then travel about all over the planet evolving on the way.  But fossil evidence, scarce as it is, often points to the opposite, that similar species pop up suddenly – alternative designs – all over the planet at the right time for their survival – and then evolve separately.  There is no contact.

Up until recently, moreover, geographical isolation was extremely effective.  Trees, lack of paths, roads, lack of sea worthy craft etc all meant that going to the next valley was an adventure.  If we consider that even now we have members of our own population who have always lived in the same place and furthermore live with their families, the only time people move is environmental – food and climate – and competition for resources.

The migration for the sake of migration doesn’t hold up to scrutiny – it assumes a world of paths and no trees.  Easy routes were rivers, and shorelines, not via land.

What happens when two or more designs meet by accident?

• they may interbreed if that is genetically possible
• they may compete and try to eliminate the other species

when alternative designs – such as the horse and the donkey – were intended to stay as alternative designs, ‘God’ appears to ensure their progeny are sterile