Observations placeholder

Dr Duke’s list of Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Asarum canadense L. (Aristolochiaceae) -- Wild Ginger

Chemicals

ALPHA-TERPINEOL Rhizome:

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity); Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml; Allelopathic; Antiacne; Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml; Anticancer; Anticariogenic; Antiinflammatory; Antiproliferant; Antiseptic; Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus; FLavor FEMA 5-40; Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; Mosquitofuge > Deet; Motor-Depressant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g; Transdermal; Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus

ARISTOLOCHIC-ACID Plant:

Abortifacient; Antiadenocarcinoma; Antiaggregant; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticarcinomic 4 ppm; Antiedemic; Antieicosanoid; Antifertility; Antiherpetic; Antiimplantation 3-4 mg/kg orl; Antiinflammatory; Antineoplastic; Antiprostaglandin; Antiseptic; Antithrombic; Antitonsilitic; Antitumor; Antivaccinia; Antiviral; Carcinogenic 0.1-10 mg/kg/3 mos mus; Contraceptive; Hemangionagenic 5 mg/kg mus; Hepatotoxic; Immunostimulant; Larvicide 1 ppm; Mutagenic; Nephrotoxic; Papillomagenic; Pesticide; Phagocytotic 0.9 mg/man/day; Phospholipase-A2-Inhibitor; Vulnerary

ARISTOLONE Rhizome:

No activity reported.

BETA-SITOSTEROL Rhizome:

Androgenic; Angiogenic; Anorexic; Antiadenomic; Antiandrogenic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Breast); Anticancer (Cervix); Anticancer (Lung); Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant; Antifertility; Antigonadotrophic; Antihyperlipoproteinaemic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic; Antilymphomic; Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml; Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus; Antioxidant IC44=10 uM; Antiprogestational; Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks; Antiprostatadenomic; Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man; Antipyretic; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Cervix); Antitumor (Lung); Antiviral; Apoptotic; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Caspase-8-Inducer; Estrogenic; Febrifuge; Gonadotrophic; Hepatoprotective; Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day; Pesticide; Spermicide; Ubiquiot; Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat

BORNYL-ACETATE Rhizome:

(-)-Chronotropic 933 nl/ml; (-)-Inotropic; Antibacterial; Antifeedant; Antispasmodic ED50=0.09 mg/ml; Antiviral; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 70-80; Insectifuge; Myorelaxant; Pesticide; Sedative

ELEMICIN Rhizome:

Antiaggregant IC50=360 uM; Antidepressant ihl; Antifeedant; Antihistaminic; Antiserotonic; Antistress; DNA-Binder; Fungicide MIC=8 ug; Hallucinogenic; Hypotensive ihl; Insecticide 100 ppm; Insectifuge; Larvicide; Neurotoxic; Pesticide; Schistosomicide

EO Rhizome 35,000 - 45,000 ppm

No activity reported.

GERANIOL Rhizome:

Allergenic; Anthelmintic; Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml MIC=400 ug/ml MIC=64 ug/ml; Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM; Anticariogenic MIC=400 ug/ml; Antimelanomic IC50=150 uM/l; Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml; Antiseptic 400-800 ug/ml 7 x phenol MIC=64 ug/ml; Antispasmodic; Antitubercular; Antitumor; Antitumor (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM; Ascaricide; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; CNS-Stimulant; Embryotoxic; Emetic 3 x ipecac; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 1-10; Fungicide IC93=2 mM; Herbicide IC100-2,000 uM; Insectifuge 50 ppm; Insectiphile; Mycobactericide MIC=64 ug/ml; Nematicide IC86=100 ug/ml MLC=1,000 ug/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml

LIMONENE Rhizome:

Acaricide LC100=8 uM; AChE-Inhibitor; Allelochemic; Allergenic 1/20th carene; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM; Antiadenomic; Antialzheimeran?; Antiasthmatic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antiesophagitic; Antifeedant; Antiflu; Antiinflammatory; Antilithic; Antilymphomic; Antimetastatic (Stomach); Antimutagenic; Antiobesity; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Pancreas); Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach); Antiviral; Apoptotic; Bronchoprotectant; Cancer-Preventive; Candidistat; Chemopreventive; Cholesterolytic; Detoxicant; Enterocontractant; Expectorant; FLavor; Fungiphilic; Fungistat; GST-Inducer; Herbicide IC50=45 uM; Histaminic; Immunomodulator; Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly; Insectifuge; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; Irritant; Lipolytic; Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg; Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml; NO-Genic; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet); Ozone-Scavenger; P450-Inducer; Peristaltic; Pesticide; Photosensitizer; Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg; Transdermal

LINALOL Rhizome:

No activity reported.

LINALTL-ACETATE Rhizome:

No activity reported.

METHYL-EUGENOL Rhizome:

Anesthetic; Antibacterial; Anticonvulsant; Antidote (Strychnine); Antifeedant; Antioxidant EC50=100 ul/l; Antiradicular; Antiseptic; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; FLavor FEMA 5-15; Fungicide; Fungistat 100 ug/mL; Insectifuge; Myorelaxant; Narcotic; Nematicide MIC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative

ppm = parts per million
tr = trace

Thu Oct 22 11:16:19 EDT 2015

Please send questions and comments to:

James A. Duke
Green Farmacy Garden
8210 Murphy Road
Fulton, MD 20759