Observations placeholder
Cocaine
Identifier
005764
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix "-ine", forming "cocaine". It is a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a nonspecific sodium channel blocker, which in turn causes it to produce anaesthesia at low doses. Biologically, cocaine acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI).
According to Wikipedia 'It is addictive because of its effect on the mesolimbic reward pathway. It is markedly more dangerous than other CNS stimulants, including the amphetamine class, at high doses due to its effect on sodium channels, as blockade of Nav1.5 can cause sudden cardiac death'
A description of the experience
Prevalence and risk factors of psychotic symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients. Roncero C, Ros-Cucurull E, Daigre C, Casas M. CAS Vall Hebron, Servicio de Psiquiatría Hospital Universitario Vall Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Spain. croncero@vhebron.net
OBJECTIVES: Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. This work reviews that evidence and tries to obtain data regarding frequency of psychotic symptoms or cocaine induced psychosis (CIP), risks or associated factors.
METHOD: Systematic review of studies found in PubMed database published until January 2011 where cocaine induced paranoia was present.
RESULTS: Cocaine induced paranoia has a particular clinical presentation. It needs to be clearly identified due to its harmful consequences. The prevalence is between 12% in clinical studies and 100% in experimental studies. The following are considered potential risk factors: age of first use and length, amount of substance, route of administration, body mass index, genetic factors, personal vulnerability and comorbidity with AXIS I (psychosis, ADHD) and AXIS II disorders (antisocial personality disorder).
CONCLUSIONS: It is needed to research with larger samples of cocaine users of different countries and contexts, in order to identify and detail what variables are closely related in the development of cocaine induced paranoia, so the population at risk can be treated earlier.
PMID: 22851479
The source of the experience
PubMedConcepts, symbols and science items
Concepts
Symbols
Science Items
Activities and commonsteps
Activities
Overloads
Amphetamines and stimulantsCocaine
Obesity treatments
Pain killers and NSAIDS
Reuptake inhibitors