Observations placeholder
Protamine Sulfate
Identifier
019978
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
Heparin is a widely used injectable blood thinner. It is used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (collectively known as venous thromboembolism) and is also used as part of the treatment of myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Heparin is used on the inside surfaces of various devices such as test tubes and kidney dialysis machines
A description of the experience
Protamine sulfate is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it.
Protamine sulfate is usually administered to reverse the large dose of heparin administered during certain surgeries, especially heart surgery. A dose of protamine is given when the patient is off - pump, when extracorporeal circulation and anticoagulation are no longer needed.
Protamine was originally isolated from the sperm of salmon and other species of fish but is now produced primarily through recombinant biotechnology. It is a highly cationic peptide that binds to either heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to form a stable ion pair, which does not have anticoagulant activity. The ionic complex is then removed and broken down by the reticuloendothelial system. In large doses, protamine sulfate may also have an independent—however weak—anticoagulant effect.
Adverse effects
Protamine has been reported to cause allergic reactions in patients who are allergic to fish, diabetics using insulin preparations containing protamine, and vasectomized or infertile men. These reactions may manifest as urticaria, hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, bronchoconstriction, facial numbness, and cardiovascular collapse and occur at rates ranging from 0.28% to 6%.
On Feb, 7, 2016: 2,778 people reported to have side effects when taking Protamine sulfate. Among them, 4 people (0.14%) have Hallucination.
On Feb, 7, 2016: 2,778 people reported to have side effects when taking Protamine sulfate. Among them, 769 people (27.68%) have Death.
Time on Protamine sulfate when people have Death :
| < 1 month | 1 - 6 months | 6 - 12 months | 1 - 2 years | 2 - 5 years | 5 - 10 years | 10+ years | |
| Death | 100.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
Gender of people who have Death when taking Protamine sulfate :
| Female | Male | |
| Death | 43.19% | 56.81% |
Age of people who have Death when taking Protamine sulfate :
| 0-1 | 2-9 | 10-19 | 20-29 | 30-39 | 40-49 | 50-59 | 60+ | |
| Death | 1.64% | 1.51% | 0.75% | 0.50% | 1.01% | 6.67% | 18.87% | 69.06% |
Top conditions involved for these people :
- Hypertension (33 people, 4.29%)
- Chest pain (18 people, 2.34%)
- Diabetes mellitus (16 people, 2.08%)