Observations placeholder
Dr Duke's list of Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae) -- Black Locust
Identifier
020533
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
A description of the experience
Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae) -- Black Locust
Chemicals
2',4',2,3,4-PENTAHYDROXYCHALCONE Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
2',4',4'-TRIHYDROXYCHALCONE Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
2,4-DIHYDROXYBENZOIC-ACID Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
3-O-BETA-D-GALACTOFURANOSYL-6-BETA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
5,7-DIHYDROXY-4'-METHOXYFLAVONE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
7,3',4'-TRIHYDROXYFLAVAN-3,4-DIOL Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ACACETIN Leaf: CRC
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor JBH ; Allergenic JBH ; Antiaflatoxin IC50=2.06 ppm X11714299 IC50=7.25 uM X11714299 ; Antiallergic PAM ; Antihistaminic JBH ; Antimalarial IC50=4.2-12.6 ug/ml PR17:123 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l JMF2:235 ; Hepatoprotective IC50=2.06 ppm X11714299 IC50=7.25 uM X11714299 ; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH ; Mutagenic X11714299 ; Plasmodicide IC50=4.2-12.6 ug/ml PR17:123 ; Protisticide PR17:123 ; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor TIH14:223
ACACETIN-7-XYLOSIDORHAMNOGLUCOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ACACIIN Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ALPHA-CELLULOSE Wood 453,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ALPHA-TERPINEOL Flower: DUKE1992A
ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity) K26575 ; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml TYK1992:95 ; Allelopathic CWW ; Antiacne JAR12:99 ; Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml JAF41:1103 ; Anticancer JNU ; Anticariogenic JAF41:1103 ; Antiinflammatory X17867636 ; Antiproliferant X16964395 ; Antiseptic JBH ; Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus X11678668 ; FLavor FEMA 5-40 ARC ; Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly JAF50:4576 ; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor X17867636 ; Mosquitofuge > Deet X15825766 ; Motor-Depressant BVC:162 ; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183 ; Perfumery JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sedative BVC:162 ; Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g; Transdermal X10434134 ; Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus X11678668
AMYGDALIN Bark: DUKE1992A
Antiinflammatory DUKE1992B ; Antispasmodic PJB1(3):230 ; Antitussive OMM ; Bitter PJB1(3):230 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cyanogenic 52 ; Expectorant OMM ; Toxic PJB1(3):230
ANTHRANILIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
APIGENIN-7-BIOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
APIGENIN-7-RHAMNOXYLOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
APIGENIN-7-TRIOSIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed 990 - 4,390 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ASH Leaf 61,000 - 75,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 40,000 - 47,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ASPARAGINE Leaf: DUKE1992A
Antisickling PM56(1):41 ; Diuretic HG17
BEHENIC-ACID Seed 1 ppm; DUKE1992A
Cosmetic JBH
BENZALDEHYDE Flower: DUKE1992A
Allergenic M&R594 ; Anesthetic DUKE1992B ; Antibacterial LAF337 ; Anticancer ARO95:16 ; Antimutagenic X10563930 ; Antipeptic DUKE1992B ; Antiseptic DUKE1992B ; Antispasmodic DUKE1992B ; Antitumor ARO95:16 ; Candidicide LAF337 ; FLavor FEMA 150-800 ARC ; Immunostimulant ARO95:16 ; Insecticide LAF ; Insectifuge 50 ppm JSPR22:141 ; Motor-Depressant BVC:162 ; Narcotic M11 ; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sedative BVC:162 ; Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g X11879008 ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=0.82 mM JAF47:4574 ID50=820 uM ID50=830 uM JAF50:1400 ID50=87 ug/ml JAF46:1268
BENZYL-ALCOHOL Flower: DUKE1992A
Allergenic M29 ; Anesthetic MAR ; Antiodontalgic MAR ; Antipruritic DUKE1992B ; Antiseptic M29 ; FLavor Fema 200-1,200 ARC ; Fungicide X16719518 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sedative JA6(4):40
BETA-SITOSTEROL Flower: DUKE1992A
Androgenic DUKE1992B ; Angiogenic X11988857 ; Anorexic MAR ; Antiadenomic M11 ; Antiandrogenic JE28:221 ; Antibacterial QJC28:155 ; Anticancer (Breast) PS131:95 ; Anticancer (Cervix) PJB1(2):287 ; Anticancer (Lung) PJB1(2):287 ; Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orl DFN:160 ; Antiestrogenic JE28:221 ; Antifeedant 382 ; Antifertility JE28:221 ; Antigonadotrophic JE28:221 ; Antihyperlipoproteinaemic JBH ; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic PJB1(2):287 ; Antilymphomic PJB1(2):287 ; Antimutagenic 250 ug/ml JAFC37:1365 ; Antiophidic 2.3 mg mus EMP5:363 ; Antioxidant IC44=10 uM JMF5:1 ; Antiprogestational JE28:221 ; Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12 wks FT68(4):291 ; Antiprostatadenomic M11 ; Antiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3 x/day/orl man; Antipyretic HDN ; Antitumor (Breast) PS131:95 ; Antitumor (Cervix) PJB1(2):287 ; Antitumor (Lung) PJB1(2):287 ; Antiviral PS75:161 ; Apoptotic X17350814 ; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm PC29(5):1667 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Candidicide QJC28:155 ; Caspase-8-Inducer X17358014 ; Estrogenic PHM9:52 ; Febrifuge HDN ; Gonadotrophic JE28:221 ; Hepatoprotective PMP23:60 ; Hypocholesterolemic 2-6 g/man/day/orl M30 9-3,330 mg/man/day/orl MAR ; Hypoglycemic JE27:243 ; Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/day; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Spermicide JE28:221 ; Ubiquiot JBH ; Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3
BUTEIN Wood: CRC
Antiinflammatory PM64:153 ; Antioxidant 1,000 uM PC27:974 ; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH ; Pigment JBH
BUTIN Wood: DUKE1992A
Antiimplantation JE32:173 ; Contraceptive X3821138 ; Estrogenic X3821138 ; Uterotrophic X3821138
CALCIUM Leaf 12,900 - 15,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 19,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety DAS ; Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg RAF ; Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day WAF ; Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day WER ; Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Antidepressant DAS ; Antidote (Aluminum) DAS ; Antidote (Lead) DAS ; Antihyperkinetic DAS ; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac DAS ; Antimenopausal; Antiobesity PIL ; Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day WER ; AntiPMS 1 g/day; Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day WAF ; Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Antitic DAS ; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Channel-Blocker NP6:1 ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day WER ; Hypotensive 1 g/day WER ; Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg WAF ; Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Vasodilator NP6:1
CANAVANINE Seed: DUKE1992A
Allelochemic 438 ; Antibacterial DUKE1992B ; Antifeedant 382 ; Antiflu V&D ; Antimetabolic AEHD1:163 ; Antitumor AEHD1:163 ; Antiviral V&D ; Cytotoxic JBH ; Fungicide DUKE1992B ; Herbicide JBH ; Juvabional 382 ; Lupus-Generating M11 ; Mitogenic 52 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
CARBOHYDRATES Leaf 350,000 - 465,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 204,000 - 466,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
CAROTENE Leaf 2,090 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
DIHYDROROBINETIN Wood 53,000 - 176,000 ppm CRC
Fungistat WOI ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
EO Leaf 100 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
FARNESOL Flower: DUKE1992A
Allergenic M&R514 ; Antiadenomic BBR225:869 ; Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=39 uM LIP32:151 ; Anticarcinomic (Colon) JBT117:11 ; Anticarcinomic (Lung) BBR225:869 ; Antileukemic JBT117:11 ; Antimelanomic IC50=50 uM/l JN127:668 ; Antispasmodic PJB1(1):174 ; Apoptotic JBT117:11 ; FLavor FEMA 0.1-3 ARC ; Juvabional 450 ; Nematicide MLC=100 ug/ml SZ44:183 ; Perfumery M11 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Pheromonal PJB1(3):238 ; Sedative PJB1(1):174 ; Trichomonicide LD100=100 ug/ml FT67:279
FAT Leaf 30,000 - 33,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 108,000 - 133,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
FIBER Leaf 172,000 - 390,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 129,000 - 136,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker NP6:1 ; Antidiabetic DUKE1992B ; Antihypertensive NP6:1 ; Antiobesity DUKE1992B ; Antitumor PAM ; Antiulcer PAM ; Beta-Blocker NP6:1 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cardioprotective DUKE1992B ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypocholesterolemic DUKE1992B ; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl PAM ; Hypouricemic X12350076 ; Laxative DUKE1992B ; Vasodilator NP6:1
FISETIN Wood: DUKE1992A
5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=11; ACE-Inhibitor IC50=150 uM/ J16272 ; Allergenic JBH ; Antihistaminic JBH ; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM PCF ; Antioxidant 505 ; Antiviral EMP5:197 ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =80; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=11 JBH ; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=20.6 ug/ml; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.2 ug/ml JNP58:217
FUSTIN Wood: DUKE1992A
Antibacterial JBH ; Antiherpetic JBH ; Antiviral JBH ; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
GLUCOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A
Acetylcholinergic DUKE1992B ; Antiedemic JBH ; Antihepatotoxic M11 ; Antiketotic M11 ; Antivaricose JBH ; Hyperglycemic M11 ; Memory-Enhancer SN138:189.1990
HELIOTROPINE Flower: DUKE1992A
Antiperistaltic DUKE1992B ; Cerebrodepressant DUKE1992B ; Dermatitigenic M&R375 ; FLavor FEMA 5-40 ARC ; Pediculicide DUKE1992B ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
HEXEN-3-OL Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTAMYLHYDROXYABSCICIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
INDICAN Leaf: DUKE1992A
Carcinogenic DUKE1992B
INDOLE Flower: DUKE1992A
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor PJB1(3):238 ; Antiacne PJB1(3):238 ; Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml JNP49:5750 MIC=800 ug/ml JAF41:1103 ; Anticariogenic JAF41:1103 ; Antisalmonella JNP49:5750 ; Antiseptic 800 ug/ml JNP49:5750 ; Antistreptococcic PJB1(3):238 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic ZEB ; Insectiphile JBH ; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml SZ44:183 ; Perfumery Fragrance ZEB ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Tumorigenic ZEB
KAEMPFEROL Flower: DUKE1992A
11B-HSD-Inhibitor CPT59:62 ; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM JBC8:211 ; Antiaflatoxin IC50=3.28 ppm X11714299 IC50=8.73 uM X11714299 ; Antiaggregant 30 uM; Antiallergic RWG122 ; Antibacterial 20 ug/ml; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Antifertility 250 mg/kg/day/60 days/orl rat PMP23:193 ; Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiherpetic 23-92 ug/ml JNP55:1732 ; Antihistaminic 411 ; Antiimplantation JE32:175 ; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg DUKE1992B 200 mg/kg ipr rat DUKE1992B ; Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml LS55:1061 ; Antilymphocytic JBH ; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM PCF ; Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin JAF49:3653 IC50=1.2 ug/ml JAF50:3150 IC50=40 uM PC27:972 ; Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiplaque JNP59:987 ; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antiseptic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3 ; Antispasmodic 411 ; Antistaphylococcic PR14:561 ; Antitumor JAF47:397 ; Antitumor-Promoter CPB38:774 ; Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antiviral 23-92 ug/ml; Apoptotic 60 uM X10673981 ; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l JMF2:235 ; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor AFR27:180 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic ZUL ; Choleretic LAF ; Copper-Chelator X10976523 ; COX-2-Inhibitor COX:50 ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20; Cytotoxic JAF50:850 ; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90 ; Diuretic BJP3:10 ; Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227 EC50=0.56 uM X10923837 ; Fungicide 20 ug/ml FNF ; Hepatoprotective IC50=1.30 ppm X11714299 IC50=5.46 uM X11714299 ; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml JNP54:142 ; Hypotensive FT1990:508 ; ICAM-1-Inhibitor X15322261 ; iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM X15832817 IC50=<15 uM X10506109 ; Inotropic X10404425 ; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH ; JNK-Inhibitor X15322261 ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JBH ; MAO-Inhibitor X10813558 ; Mutagenic; Natriuretic BJP3:10 ; Neuroprotective X10813558 ; NO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM X15832817 ; PAF-Inhibitor FT67:548 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Protisticide PR13:102 ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM; Teratologic DUKE1992B ; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.99 uM JMF6:365 ; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor TIH14:223 ; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml JNP58:217 ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=230 uM; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227 ; Vasodilator JAFC48:220
KAEMPFEROL-7-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-7-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-7-BETA-L-RHAMNOFURANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-7-BETA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSIDE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
LEUCOROBINITINIDINE Wood 62,000 ppm; CRC
No activity reported.
LIGNIN Wood 216,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antibacterial DUKE1992B ; Anticancer AFR27:209 ; Anticoronary AFR27:209 ; Antidiarrheic M29 ; AntiHIV DUKE1992B ; Antinitrosaminic AFR27:209 ; Antioxidant AFR27:209 ; Antitumor AFR27:209 ; Antiviral CPB38:3033 ; Chelator AFR27:209 ; Hypocholesterolemic AFR27:209 ; Laxative AFR27:209 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
LIGNOCERIC-ACID Seed: DUKE1992A
Antihepatotoxic
LINALOL Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
LINARIN Leaf: DUKE1992A
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC20=10 uM PC23:1885
LINOLEIC-ACID Seed 15,900 - 70,490 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiacne JAR12:99 ; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antianaphylactic EMP6:189 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80 ; Antiarthritic EMP6:189 ; Anticoronary JBH ; Antieczemic EMP6:189 ; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53 ; Antigranular DUKE1992B ; Antihistaminic EMP6:189 ; Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153 ; Antimenorrhagic PAM ; AntiMS EMP6:189 ; Antiprostatitic PAM ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic SN146:421 ; Comedolytic JAR12:99 ; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Immunomodulator EMP6:189 ; Insectifuge 382 ; Metastatic SN146:421 ; Nematicide NIG ; Propecic X12033503
LINOLENIC-ACID Seed 3,600 - 15,960 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
LIQUIRITIGENIN Wood: CRC
Antidepressant 411 ; Antiinflammatory FT63(1):3 ; Antileukemic IC50=0.29 ug/ml LS55:1061 ; Antispasmodic PMP23:56 ; Antiulcer PMP23:56 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; CNS-Active JBH ; Fungicide ED50=>100; Hemoglobin-Inducer JBH ; MAO-Inhibitor EC50=17uM; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin JLI
METHYL-ANTHRALINATE Flower: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
NEROL Flower: DUKE1992A
Antibacterial HG17 ; Antihelicobacter X14506036 ; Antiseptic LAF ; Antiulcer X14506036 ; Estrogenic X12495555 ; FLavor FEMA 1-20 ARC ; Perfumery M11 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sedative ZEB ; Trichomonicide ED100=300 ug/ml FT67:279
OLEIC-ACID Seed 7,500 - 33,250 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Allergenic M&R495 ; Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X12033503 ; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B ; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153 ; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B ; Dermatitigenic M&R495 ; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Insectifuge 382 ; Irritant M11 ; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086 ; Perfumery ARC ; Propecic X12033503
P2O5 Seed 16,500 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PALMITIC-ACID Seed 1,380 - 6,115 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53 ; Antioxidant IC40=60 JAF50:2231 ; FLavor FEMA 1 ARC ; Hemolytic BIS ; Hypercholesterolemic GAS ; Lubricant JBH ; Nematicide NIG ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Propecic X12033503 ; Soap JBH
PENTOSANS Wood 191,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PHASIN Bark: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PHOSPHORUS Leaf 2,600 - 3,200 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiosteoporotic DAS ; Anxiolytic WAF ; Immunostimulant DAS ; Osteogenic DAS
PHYTOSTREOLS Bark: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PROTEIN Leaf 170,000 - 255,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 388,000 - 432,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PYROCATECHIN-TANNINS Bark 20,000 - 70,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
RAFFINOSE Seed 1 ppm; DUKE1992A
Flatugenic PFH46:77
RESIN Bark: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
RHAMNOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ROBIN Bark 16,000 ppm; DUKE1992A Root: CRC
Ametic DUKE1992B ; Hemagglutinin DUKE1992B ; Paralytic DUKE1992B ; Purgative DUKE1992B
ROBINETIN Wood 20,000 - 80,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Antioxidant IC50=1.02mM PM56(6):679 ; Cancer-Preventive 505
ROBININ Flower: DUKE1992A
Antiazotemic DUKE1992B ; Antibacterial JBH ; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Antimutagenic ID50=50-100 nM PCF:13 ; Antioxidant 1/5 quercetin JAF47:397 ; Antiradicular JAF47:397 ; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Diuretic DUKE1992B ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
ROBINITIN Bark 30,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ROBTEIN Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ROBTIN Wood 15,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
STACHYOSE Seed: DUKE1992A
Flatugenic PFH46:77
STEARIC-ACID Seed 700 - 3,125 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X10830511 ; Cosmetic JBH ; FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 ARC ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Lubricant JBH ; Perfumery ARC ; Propecic X10830511 ; Suppository JBH
SYRINGIN Bark: DUKE1992A
ACE-Inhibitor K15327 ; Adaptogenic CNC28:45 ; Anticomplementary JE58:89 ; Antipyretic PJB1(2):288 ; Antistress ACM:688 ; Immunomodulator JE58:89 ; Immunostimulant CNC28:45 ; Neurotropic CNC28:45 ; Tonic CNC28:45
TANNIN Bark 70,000 ppm; CRC
Anthelmintic JNP59:205 ; Antibacterial JE26:74 ; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Anticariogenic JNP59:205 ; Antidiarrheic DUKE1992B ; Antidysenteric DUKE1992B ; Antihepatotoxic JNP59:205 ; AntiHIV JNP59:205 ; Antihypertensive JNP59:205 ; Antilipolytic JNP59:205 ; Antimutagenic DUKE1992B ; Antinephritic CPB38:1049 ; Antiophidic EMP5:363 ; Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397 IC50=1.44 ug/ml CPB38:1051 ; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397 500 mg/kg/day orl mus CPB38:1049 ; Antirenitic CPB38:1049 ; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter JAF47:397 ; Antiulcer JNP59:205 ; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive HG22:14 ; Carcinogenic AHP156 ; Chelator JNP59:205 ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205 ; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor JNP59:205 ; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B ; Immunosuppressant RWG29 ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JNP59:205 ; MAO-Inhibitor JNP59:205 ; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor JNP59:205 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Psychotropic CPB38:1049 ; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor JNP59:205
TANNINS Wood 33,000 - 70,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
TAXIFOLIN Wood 40,000 ppm; CRC
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 60 uM pig EXP52:564 ; Antibacterial JBH ; Anticomplementary 1/3 aspirin PM57:A48 ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antiherpetic EMP5:198 ; Antiinflammatory JBH ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antioxidant NIG ; Antitumor DUKE1992B ; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Fungicide JBH ; Hepatoprotective ACM:253 ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JBH ; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; RNA-genic JBH
TRANS-2-HEXENAL Leaf: DUKE1992A
FLavor FEMA 0.7-20 ARC ; Paramecicide WOI ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Prosticide WOI
UREASE Bark: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
WATER Seed 103,000 - 115,000 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
XANTHONE Wood: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
XYLOSE Leaf: DUKE1992A
Antidiabetic; Diagnostic MAR ; Dye M11
The source of the experience
Dr Dukes plant databaseConcepts, symbols and science items
Concepts
Symbols
Science Items
Activities and commonsteps
Commonsteps
References
382: Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
411: Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
438: Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
450: Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134.
505: Jim Duke's personal files.
52: Cooper-Driver, G. A., Chemical substances in plants toxic to animals, pp. 213-47 in Rechcigl, M., Jr., ed. CRC Handbook of Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983, 339 pp.
525: Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
ACM:253: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 253.
ACM:688: Jim Duke's personal files
AEHD1:163: Jim Duke's personal files
AFR27:180: Jim Duke's personal files
AFR27:209: Jim Duke's personal files
AHP156: Jim Duke's personal files
ARC: Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.
ARO95:16: Jim Duke's personal files
BBR225:869: Jim Duke's personal files
BIS: Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp. Note: English translation of Wichtl, 1984,1989).
BJP3:10: Jim Duke's personal files
BVC:162: Buchbauer et al, e.g.Buchbauer et al,1993.Therapeutic properties of essential oils and fragrances. Chap.12 in Teranishi,R, Buttery,R.G and Sugisawa,H. Eds. Bioactive Volatile Compounds from Plants. ACS Symposium Series 525. Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington DC
CNC28:45: Jim Duke's personal files
COX:50: Jim Duke's personal files
CPB38:1049: Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.
CPB38:1051: Jim Duke's personal files
CPB38:3033: Jim Duke's personal files
CPB38:3086: Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
CPB38:774: Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990.
CPT59:62: Jim Duke's personal files
CRC: CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
CWW: Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
DAS: Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
DFN:160: Jim Duke's personal files
DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
EMP1:53: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
EMP5:197: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.
EMP5:198: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.
EMP5:363: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.
EMP6:189: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
EMP6:235: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
EXP52:564: Haraguchi, H., Ohmi, I., Masuda, H., Tamura, Y., Mizutani, K., Tanaka, O., Chou, W. H. 1996. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis and Effects on Other Enzymes. Experientia, 52(6): 564-567.
FNF: Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
FT1990:508: Jim Duke's personal files
FT63(1):3: Jim Duke's personal files
FT67:279: Jim Duke's personal files
FT67:548: Jim Duke's personal files
FT68(4):291: Jim Duke's personal files
GAS: Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
HDN: Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
HG17: HerbalGram No. 17.
HG22:14: HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.
J16272: Jim Duke's personal files
JA6(4):40: Jim Duke's personal files.
JAF41:1103: Muroi, H. and Kubo, I. 1993. Combination Effects of Antibacterial Compounds in Green Tea Flavor against Streptococcus mutans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 41: 1102-1105.
JAF46:1268: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF47:397: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF47:4574: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF49:3653: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:1400: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:2231: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:3150: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:4576: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:850: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC37:1365: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC48:220: Jim Duke's personal files
JAR12:99: Jim Duke's personal files
JBC8:211: Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. J Braz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213.
JBH: Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
JBT117:11: Jim Duke's personal files
JE26:74: Jim Duke's personal files
JE26:80: Jim Duke's personal files
JE27:243: Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.
JE28:221: Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.
JE32:173: Jim Duke's personal files
JE32:175: Jim Duke's personal files
JE58:89: Jim Duke's personal files
JLI: Jim Duke's personal files
JMF2:227: Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
JMF2:235: Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.
JMF5:1: Jim Duke's personal files
JMF6:365: Jim Duke's personal files
JN127:668: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP49:5750: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP54:142: Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An Ergosterol Derivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991.
JNP55:1732: Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture. Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.
JNP58:217: Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225.
JNP59:205: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP59:987: Jim Duke's personal files
JNU: Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
JSPR22:141: J. Stored. Prod. Res., 22:141, 1986.
K15327: Jim Duke's personal files
K26575: Jim Duke's personal files
LAF: Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
LAF337: Jim Duke's personal files
LIP32:151: Jim Duke's personal files
LRN-DEC90: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.
LS55:1061: Life Sciences 55: 1061.
M&R375: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R495: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R514: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R594: Jim Duke's personal files
M11: Merck 11th Edition
M29: Martindale's 29th
M30: Martindale's 30th
MAR: Martindale's 28th
NIG: Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
NP6:1: Jim Duke's personal files
OMM: Oriental Materia Medica (three volumes by Dr. Hsu and collaborators)
PAM: Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
PC23:1885: Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens Aldose Reductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.
PC27:972: Jim Duke's personal files
PC27:974: Jim Duke's personal files
PC29(5):1667: Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.
PCF: Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
PCF:13: Maga, J.A. Contribution of Phenolic Compounds to Smoke Flavor. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.13.
PFH46:77: Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.
PHM9:52: Jim Duke's personal files
PIL: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(1):174: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):287: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):288: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(3):230: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(3):238: Jim Duke's personal files
PM56(1):41: Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica 56(1): 41, 1990.
PM56(6):679: Jim Duke's personal files
PM57:A48: Jim Duke's personal files
PM64:153: Jim Duke's personal files
PMP23:193: Kumar, P., Dixit*, V.P., and Khanna, P. Antifertility Studies of Kaempferol: Isolation and Identification from Tissue Culture of some Medicinally Important Plant Species. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 23: 193-201, 1989.
PMP23:56: Jim Duke's personal files
PMP23:60: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:153: Jim Duke's personal files
PR13:102: Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. Phytotherapy Research, 13(2): 102-105.
PR14:561: Jim Duke's personal files
PR17:123: Jim Duke's personal files
PS131:95: Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.
PS75:161: Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.
QJC28:155: Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.
RAF: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG122: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG29: Jim Duke's personal files
SN138:189.1990: Science News, 138: 189, 1990.
SN146:421: Science News, 146: 421.
SZ44:183: Shoyakugaku Zasshi, 44: 183.
TIH14:223: Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237.
TYK1992:95: Okamura, K., Iwakami, S., Matsunaga, T. 1992. Biological Activity of Monoterpenes from Trees. Toyama-Ken Yakuji Kenkyusho Nenpo, (20): 95-101.
V&D: Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.
WAF: Jim Duke's personal files
WER: Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
WOI: ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
X10404425: Jim Duke's personal files
X10434134: Jim Duke's personal files
X10506109: Jim Duke's personal files
X10563930: Jim Duke's personal files
X10673981: Jim Duke's personal files
X10813558: Jim Duke's personal files
X10830511: Jim Duke's personal files
X10923837: Jim Duke's personal files
X10976523: Jim Duke's personal files
X11678668: Jim Duke's personal files
X11714299: Jim Duke's personal files
X11879008: Jim Duke's personal files
X11988857: Jim Duke's personal files
X12033503: Jim Duke's personal files
X12350076: Jim Duke's personal files
X12495555: Jim Duke's personal files
X14506036: Jim Duke's personal files
X15322261: Jim Duke's personal files
X15825766: Jim Duke's personal files
X15832817: Jim Duke's personal files
X16719518: Jim Duke's personal files
X16964395: Jim Duke's personal files
X17350814: Jim Duke's personal files
X17358014: Jim Duke's personal files
X17867636: Jim Duke's personal files
X3821138: Jim Duke's personal files
ZEB: Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
ZUL: Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 450 pp.
ppm = parts per million
tr = trace
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