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Lactulose    - Trade names Duphalac  and Constulose , is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of liver disease.

It is a disaccharide (double-sugar) formed from one molecule each of the simple sugars (monosaccharides) fructose and galactose. The commercial syrup used for treatment of constipation is dyed yellow-orange.  It is safe for people of all ages, except for those in a very small percentage of the population that are galactose intolerant. 

Lactulose has ‘low toxicity yet produces powerful results’. 

Lactulose is also useful for negating the constipating effects of opiates and opioids, as in individuals who are on narcotic pain medication, are opioid dependent, or are receiving Opioid Replacement Therapy such as with methadone or buprenorphine for a previous opioid dependency. 

It can take 24 to 48 hours to work, but generally produces results within 4 hours if taken on a daily basis. Lactulose is sold over the counter (without prescription) in most countries in the world. In the United States and Austria, it requires a prescription ‘over unfounded fears’ that it could be dangerous to diabetics. However, it is an indigestible sugar and has been proved to be safe even for them.

On Sep, 5, 2015: 1,850 people reported to have side effects when taking Duphalac. Among them, 14 people (0.76%) have Hallucination.

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On Sep, 5, 2015: 13,990 people reported to have side effects when taking Lactulose. Among them, 117 people (0.84%) have Hallucination.

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