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Observations placeholder

Effects of nicotine on spinal cord injury pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover trial

Identifier

017961

Type of Spiritual Experience

Background

The key finding is that nicotine reduces pain, smoke increases pain

 

A description of the experience

Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2012 Spring;18(2):101-5. doi: 10.1310/sci1802-101.

Effects of nicotine on spinal cord injury pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled crossover trial.

Richardson EJ1, Richards JS, Stewart CC, Ness TJ.

BACKGROUND:

One factor affecting spinal cord injury (SCI)-related pain may be nicotine. Case reports have described a worsening of neuropathic pain from smoking and relief from abstinence. Neurobiological correlates also implicate the potential effect of nicotine on SCI-related pain.

METHOD:

The current study employed a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design to examine the effect of nicotine exposure on subtypes of SCI-related pain among smokers and nonsmokers.

RESULTS:

Whereas nonsmokers with SCI showed a reduction in mixed forms of pain following nicotine exposure, smokers with SCI showed a converse increase in pain with regard to both mixed and neuropathic forms of pain. The exacerbation of pain in chronic  tobacco users may not only elucidate possible pain mechanisms but may also be of use in smoking cessation counseling among those with SCI.

KEYWORDS:

neuropathic pain; nicotine; pain; randomized controlled trial; smoking; spinal cord injury

PMID:

23459459

The source of the experience

PubMed

Concepts, symbols and science items

Concepts

Symbols

Science Items

Activities and commonsteps

Activities

Overloads

Extreme pain
Smoke inhalation

Suppressions

Nicotine
Tobacco

Commonsteps

References