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Int J Bacteriol. 2014;2014:481686. doi: 10.1155/2014/481686. Epub 2014 Sep 28.
Activity of Aristolochia bracteolata against Moraxella catarrhalis.
Suliman Mohamed M1, Timan Idriss M2, Khedr AI3, Abd AlGadir H4, Takeshita S5, Shah MM6, Ichinose Y6, Maki T7.

1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, 11111 Qasr Street, P.O. Box 1996, Sudan.
2Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi 852-8521, Japan.
3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Assuit 71524, Egypt.
4The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute (MAPRI), National Centre for Research, Mac Nimr Street, P.O. Box 2404, Khartoum, Sudan.
5Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi 852-8521, Japan.
6Kenya Research Station, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi 852-8523, Japan.
7Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi 852-8521, Japan; Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi 852-8521, Japan.

Abstract
A bioassay-guided fractionation of methanol extract of Aristolochia bracteolata whole plant was carried out in order to evaluate its antimicrobial activity and to identify the active compounds in this extract.

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanol extract against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal strains were investigated by the agar disk diffusion method. Among the strains tested, Moraxella catarrhalis and sea urchin-derived Bacillus sp. showed the highest sensitivity towards the methanol extract and hence they are used as test organisms for the bioassay-guided fractionation.

From this extract, aristolochic acid 1 (AA-1) has been isolated and has showed the greatest antibacterial activity against both standard strain and clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 25 and 50 μg/mL.

Modification of the AA-1 to AA-1 methyl ester completely abolished the antibacterial activity of the compound and the piperonylic acid moiety of AA-1 which suggested that the coexistence of phenanthrene ring and free carboxylic acid is essential for AA-1 antibacterial activity.
PMID:
26904734
PMCID:
PMC4745564
DOI:
10.1155/2014/481686