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Illnesses and disabilities

Schizophrenia

Category: Illness or disabilaties

Type

Involuntary

Introduction and description

 

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and emotional responses.

Despite the etymology of the term from the Greek roots 'skhizein'  ("to split") and  phren-' ("mind"), schizophrenia does not imply a "split mind" and it is not the same as "Multiple personality disorder" or "split personality"—a condition with which it is often confused in public perception.

It most commonly manifests as auditory Hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social or occupational dysfunction. It also results in chronic problems with behavior and Emotion. People with schizophrenia are likely to have additional (comorbid) conditions, including major depression and anxiety disorders.

The onset of symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood, with a global lifetime prevalence of about 0.3–0.7%. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the patient's reported experiences.

The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is 12 to 15 years less than those without, the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%).

Organs affected

Schizophrenia is caused by damage to various organs of the brain.  The organs of the brain that seem to be particularly damaged in schizophrenia are 

  • The reticular formation
  • The temporal lobes
  • The amygdala
  • The hippocampus
  • The ventricles

The word ‘damage’ may sometimes be inappropriate to describe accurately what has happened in these organs.  In some cases the organ has just developed abnormally, so it functions, but it functions in a very abnormal way. 

It should thus be clear that - given the organs affected - the type of damage or malformation will determine the symptoms.  If you look at the brain and its functions you can see that malfunctioning in the organs mentioned above will have fairly serious consequences.


Reticular formation  - There is good scientific evidence that there is damage to the Reticular formation in schizophrenia.  References 

  • The brain stem reticular formation in schizophrenia - Karson CN, Garcia-Rill E, Biedermann J, Mrak RE, Husain MM, Skinner RD; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. 
  • Mesopontine neurons in schizophrenia. - Garcia-Rill E, Biedermann JA, Chambers T, Skinner RD, Mrak RE, Husain M, Karson CN; Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA –
    “These results implicate the brainstem reticular formation as a pathophysiological site in at least some patients with schizophrenia”.

Temporal lobes - Schizophrenics also sometimes display damage to other organs within the brain, for example the temporal lobes, which often causes language related problems……. 

  • Genetic influences of cortical gray matter in language-related regions in healthy controls and schizophrenia. - Jamadar S, Powers NR, Meda SA, Gelernter J, Gruen JR, Pearlson GD;  Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT United States –
    “The superior prefrontal, temporal and occipital networks were positively related to DCDC2 in the schizophrenia, but not the control group”. 

Amygdala – when there are added emotional problems 

  • Amygdala abnormalities in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia unmasked by benzodiazepine challenge - Wolf DH et al; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, USA 

Hippocampus – where the damage can be to the left and right 

  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic structures displays metabolite differences in young unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands - Capizzano AA, Nicoll Toscano JL, Ho BC; Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, USA –
    “Imaging studies of schizophrenia patients showed fronto-temporal brain volume deficits, while magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of patients and unaffected biological relatives have found a decrement of the neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the hippocampus and frontal lobes …..”

Ventricles - Researchers found that individuals with schizophrenia have abnormal sized ventricles – see the ventricular system  - compared to healthy subjects.  This abnormality did not of itself produce specifically schizophrenic symptoms, but it was another indicator that damage had been done 

  • Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles - Nasrallah HA, Kuperman S, Hamra BJ  McCalley-Whitters M -
    “In a group of 55 chronic schizophrenic men aged 20-45 years, the mean ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) on computerized tomographic brain scan was significantly greater than in 27 matched control subjects”. 
  • Ventricle-to-brain ratio and symptoms at the onset of first-break schizophrenia.

    - Holsenbeck LS 3rd, Davidson LM, Hostetter RE, Casanova MF, Taylor DO, Kelley CT, Perrotta C Jr, Borison RL, Diamond B.; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA.-
    “Ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) was measured from the computed tomographic (CT). ……. In the schizophreniform subgroup, positive symptoms and illness severity were associated with smaller VBR”.

If schizophrenia is caused by brain damage of organs as important as the reticular formation, amygdala and hippocampus what caused this damage?

Causes

 

Brain damage of this sort can result from a number of environmental inputs experienced in overdose proportions.  The chemicals, bacteria, viruses etc enter the craniosacral system via the dura mater and flood the brain and the spinal column causing damage in the process:

Toxins

- pollutants, pesticides, household products, petrochemical products, heavy metal poisoning can also cause schizophrenia including  lead poisoning.

There is also a clear link between schizophrenia and mercury poisoning

And lest we forget, one of the sources of mercury is dental amalgam fillings, and I have an observation that shows that dental amalgam fillings can cause schizophrenia.

Viral infection

A number of viruses are implicated in the onset of schizophrenia.  For example:

Prenatal influenza virus infection has been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia….. In a mouse model of pregnancy, immune activation via exposure to viruses or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impaired brain development and behavioral function in offspring. PMID:  25014010

Vaccines 

There are a number of ways that vaccines can cause schizophrenia.  Some contain mercury in the form of Thimerosal, but they can also cause problems as a consequence of the agent, if it is a live virus, and the excipient.  I urge you to read the section on vaccines to get the complete picture, as they can also cause food allergies, allergies in general and nervous system diseases.  I have an observation linking vaccines with schizophrenia.

Taking drugs 

Very high doses of a number of drugs can cause brain damage for example, for example:

We studied whether patients hospitalized for LSD psychosis are clinically separable from acute schizophrenics. The family histories, manifest symptoms, premorbid adjustment, and profiles on an extensive test battery were analyzed for 52 LSD psychotics and 29 matched first-break schizophrenics. The LSD patients did not differ from schizophrenics in incidence of psychosis or suicide among the parents. However, the rate of parental alcoholism for LSD psychotics far exceeded that for schizophrenics and the general population. The two groups were distinguished on some clinical features but were equivalent in premorbid adjustment, on most cognitive measures when initially hospitalized or reassessed three to five years later, and in number of subsequent rehospitalizations. Thus, in most respects the LSD psychotics were fundamentally similar to schizophrenics in geneaology, phenomenology, and course of illness. The findings supported a model of LSD psychosis as a drug-induced schizophreniform reaction in persons vulnerable to both substance abuse and psychosis. PMID: 6870484

Pharmaceuticals

A very considerable number of pharmaceuticals have been linked to the onset of schizophrenia, this LINK takes you to the eHealthme website which shows the full list of the drugs implicated. 

In 2016, eHealthme completely reordered their site.  This meant that every link we had provided to their data no longer worked.  The links to eHealthme take you to their site but not the relevant section.  Thus you can use the link, but you will need to search under ‘symptoms’ and then use the section ‘drugs causing symptoms’ to get the information. 

It is worth noting that drugs as apparently innocuous as acne treatments are in this list.  There are drugs used to treat asthma, epilepsy and migraine in this list.  There are even antipsychotics that have been used to treat depression that have resulted in schizophrenia.
Interference in gut flora via antibiotics, may in turn lead to autoimmune disease and various allergic reactions to food.  Food can then bring on schizophrenia in a chain reaction.  The cause is mis-use of antibiotics, but the end result is food allergies and eventually unless these are identified mental illness

Epidemiological studies strongly link schizophrenia with autoimmune disorders including enteropathic celiac disease. Exposure to wheat gluten and bovine milk casein also contribute to non-celiac food sensitivities in susceptible individuals. Co-morbid GI inflammation accompanies humoral immunity to food antigens, occurs early during the course of schizophrenia and appears to be independent from antipsychotic-generated motility effects. This inflammation impacts endothelial barrier permeability and can precipitate translocation of gut bacteria into systemic circulation. Infection by the neurotropic gut pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, will elicit an inflammatory GI environment. Such processes trigger innate immunity, including activation of complement C1q, which also functions at synapses in the brain. The emerging field of microbiome research lies at the center of these interactions with evidence that the abundance and diversity of resident gut microbiota contribute to digestion, inflammation, gut permeability and behavior. Dietary modifications of core bacterial compositions may explain inefficient gluten digestion and how immigrant status in certain situations is a risk factor for schizophrenia. Gut microbiome research in schizophrenia is in its infancy, but data in related fields suggest disease-associated altered phylogenetic compositions. In summary, this review surveys associative and experimental data linking autoimmunity, GI activity and schizophrenia, and proposes that understanding of disrupted biological pathways outside of the brain can lend valuable information regarding pathogeneses of complex, polygenic brain disorders. PMID:25034760

Bacterial infection

Various bacteria are implicated in schizophrenia, not only the endogenous bacteria described above, but also external bacteria, for example:

The paper presents data on the diagnosis, clinical and pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) in neurochlamydiasis according to clinical, autoptic, and experimental evidence. It discusses the possible implication of Ch. trachomatis, Ch. pneumoniae, and Ch. psittaci in the development and course of different diseases with CNS involvement: atherosclerosis, vasculitis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism, vegetative state, sequels of perinatal lesions in childhood and adolescence, HIV infection, etc. Considerable attention is paid to the specific features of diagnosis of Chlamydia-induced CNS lesions. Purposeful pathomorphological investigations are shown to be needed.  PMID:  24745195

Parasites

Parasites cause a great number of different sorts of brain damage and a large number of different types are implicated.  More details can be found by following the link to the parasite section.

Nutritional deprivation

including the mis-use of foodstuffs, additives and overdose on vitamin and or mineral supplements

Radiation

of various sorts can damage the brain.

Inherited genes

For those who are born with schizophrenia or who develop it without these inputs, the primary cause that links all cases of schizophrenia is DNA related.  Damage to the DNA causes abnormal development and since DNA is inherited, the children of schizophrenics have a high probability of developing the disease – the mutation is passed on [Ref Genetic influences of cortical gray matter in language-related regions in healthy controls and schizophrenia. - Jamadar S, Powers NR, Meda SA, Gelernter J, Gruen JR, Pearlson GD; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT United States.].

There are papers that link schizophrenia with the mother’s immune responses.  Some papers seem to imply that it is the mother’s inappropriate immune response that is the trigger, but this is faulty logic,  immune responses are to ‘something’, as such it is highly likely that the immune response is simply an indicator of severe environmental attack.  This means that the same environmental inputs we saw above experienced in overdose proportions – pollutants, viruses, drugs,  alcohol, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, household products, foodstuffs and additives and so on can also affect a baby and damage its DNA.  There are a few papers that indicate that a number of pharmaceuticals given a mother during fetal development are considered by the immune system as toxic – see Poisoning.  

Emotional overload

BUT, overload in general appears to cause schizophrenia in that severe prolonged Emotional stress can damage the organs of the brain.  In effect, continuous overload of the functions of the mind – from fear, and stress, to grief, and so on – can cause schizophrenia – like applying a high voltage current through a piece of circuitry in the computer of the mind.

If I summarise.

Schizophrenia is caused by damage to the reticular system specifically, the temporal lobes,  hippocampus and occasionally the amygdala.  It can also manifest as damage to the ventricular system.

It is caused by overload from either high emotional or intellectual stress or environmental attack from what is in effect poisoning – chemicals or substances taken in overdose proportions.  Thus the actual cause could be anything experienced in overdose proportions – pollutants, viruses, drugs, parasites, alcohol, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, household products, foodstuffs and additives and so on.

Overdose on anything during pregnancy  - even vitamin supplements - and you could provoke an immune response which does the damage. 

Treatment

 

Symptom based - The mainstay of conventional treatment is antipsychotic medication, which primarily suppresses dopamine, and sometimes serotonin, receptor activity.  As you can see, this is not ever going to be a cure, all it will do is suppress the effects of damaged organs. 

Cause based - the best approach is to try to find the cause and tackle this.  The sections on healing yourself and eating for health may both be of help, especially as pointers are given to the laboratories which can be used to find out what is attacking you.  

Going back to the root cause is not a great deal of help if the damage has been done. Psychotherapy and vocational and social rehabilitation, however, can be used in treatment. In more serious cases—where there is risk to self and others—involuntary hospitalisation may be used, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they were.

How it works

Brain damage

References and further reading

Brain Bio Centre - The Brain Bio Centre is an out-patient clinical treatment centre, specialising in the 'optimum nutrition' approach to mental health problems. The centre offers comprehensive assessment of biochemical imbalances that can contribute to mental health problems, and advice on how to correct these imbalances as a means to restore health.

see also Neurologic adverse events following vaccination Prog Health Sci, 2012, Sienkiewicz D., Ku?ak W., Okurowska-Zawada B., Paszko-Patej G

Observations

 

In the observations I have included a number of people who either became schizophrenic as a result of drug use, for example, or people who appear to have had the misfortune to be born schizophrenic.

In addition to those for whom I have observations and according to Wikipedia, this is a list of people, living or dead, accompanied by verifiable source citations associating them with schizophrenia, either based on their own public statements, or (in the case of dead people only) reported contemporary or posthumous diagnoses of schizophrenia. The links take you to the appropriate Wikipedia entry

Related observations