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Dr Duke's list of Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) -- Broadbean, Faba Bean, Habas
Identifier
022029
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
A description of the experience
Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) -- Broadbean, Faba Bean, Habas
Chemicals
(+)-7-ISOJASMONIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
2,6-DIAMINOPURINE Root: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
3,5,7,4'-TETRAHYDROXYFLAVONE Fruit 0.01 - 6 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
5-HYDROXYURACIL Root: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
7,3',4'-TRIHYDROXYFLAVONE Fruit 0.01 - 22 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
7,4'-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE Fruit 0.01 - 4 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ALANINE Seed 2,280 - 12,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Antioxidant PC27:969 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Oxidant PC27:969
ARGININE Seed 4,630 - 24,370 ppm DUKE1992A
Antidiabetic? WIC ; Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Antihepatitic M29 ; Antihypertensive NP6:1 ; Antiimpotence JMF1(3) ; Antiinfertility 4 g/day WER ; Antioxidant? PC27:976 ; Aphrodisiac 3 g/day; Diuretic BJP3:10 ; Hypoammonemic JBH ; NO-Genic JMF1(3) ; Pituitary-Stimulant PJB1(2):260 ; Spermigenic 4 g/day WER ; Vasodilator NP6:1
ARSENIC Fruit 0.2 - 1.4 ppm DUKE1992A
Anorexic FHN ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
ASCORBIC-ACID Fruit 120 - 820 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 330 - 1,735 ppm DUKE1992A
Acidulant FEMA 6,000 ARC ; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor SYN-X ; Analgesic 5-10 g/day; Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker NP6:1 ; AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day SYN-X ; Antiaggregant SYN-X ; Antiaging 400 mg/day; Antiallergic PIL ; Antialzheimeran 2,000-6,000 mg/day; Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day; Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day WER ; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial DAS ; Anticataract 1 g 3x/day 350 mg/day WER 400 mg/day SYN-X ; Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day; AntiCFS 500-1,000 mg TE2 ; Anticlimacteric 500-5,000 mg/day WAF ; Anticold 1-2 g/man/day; AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man M29 ; AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day WAF ; Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day MAR ; Antidementia MPP ; Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day WER ; Antidiabetic SYN-X ; Antidote (Aluminum) EMP6:189 ; Antidote (Cadmium) DAS ; Antidote (Lead) DAS ; Antidote (Paraquat) MAR ; Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day WER ; Antiedemic 1 g/man/day DAS ; Antiencephalitic DAS ; Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day WAF ; Antifatigue 500-1,000 mg TE2 ; Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg WAF ; Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day WAF ; Antigastritic PIL ; Antigingivitic; Antiglaucomic 2 g/day WER ; Antihangover 1,000 mg WAF ; Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day DAS ; Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day DAS ; Antihepatotoxic EMP6:189 ; Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day; Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man; Antihypertensive NP6:1 ; Antiinfertility 1 g/day WER ; Antiinflammatory PAM ; Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day MAR ; Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day WAF ; AntiLyme 500-2,000 mg KEN ; Antimaculitic; Antimeasles DAS ; Antimenopausal 500-5,000 mg/day WAF ; Antimigraine M29 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antineuramidase X634178 ; Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day MAR ; Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day WER ; Antiorchitic DAS ; Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day WER ; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day; Antioxidant 100 ppm DUKE1992B ; Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day; Antiparotitic DAS ; Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day WER ; Antipneumonic PAM ; Antipodriac DAS ; Antipoliomyelitic DAS ; Antipyretic EMP6:189 ; Antiradicular SYN-X ; AntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/day WAF ; Antiretinotic PIL ; Antirheumatic MPP ; Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day WAF ; Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day MAR ; Antiseptic 4-8 g/day SYN-X MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml MAR ; Antishingles DAS ; Antispasmodic 500-5,000 mg/day WAF ; Antistress 500-1,000 mg; Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day SYN-X ; Antitumor (Gastric) PIL ; Antitumor (Lung) NR54:S71 ; Antiulcer; Antiviral 1-5 g/day; Apoptotic 1-10 mM BO2 ; Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl PAM ; Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker NP6:1 ; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man BO2 ; Calcium-Antagonist NP6:1 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cardioprotective PIL ; Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day DAS ; Collagenic BO2 ; Detoxicant DUKE1992B ; Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl NP6:1 ; Fistula-Preventive PAM ; Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day DAS ; Hypoglycemic SYN-X ; Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day; Immunomodulator PIL ; Immunostimulant SYN-X ; Interferonogenic PAM ; Lithogenic DAS ; Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day MAR ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Uricosuric 4 g/man/day DAS ; Urinary-Acidulant M29 ; Vasodilator NP6:1 ; Vulnerary PAM
ASH Fruit 8,000 - 54,800 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 11,000 - 57,900 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
ASPARAGINE Leaf: DUKE1992A
Antisickling PM56(1):41 ; Diuretic HG17
ASPARTIC-ACID Seed 6,310 - 33,210 ppm DUKE1992A
Antimorphinic MAR ; Neuroexcitant MAR ; Roborant M11
BETA-CAROTENE Fruit 0.1 - 0.6 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 2.1 - 11 ppm DUKE1992A
Allergenic M&R610 ; Androgenic? PAM ; Antiacne PAM ; Antiaging DUKE1992B ; Antiarthritic MPP ; Antiasthmatic PAM ; Anticancer JNU ; Anticarcinomic PAM ; Anticervicaldysplasic MPP ; Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days CMR3/4/91:16 ; Antihyperkeratotic; Antiichythyotic PAM ; Antileukoplakic; Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml X16277432 ; Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos MAR ; Antimaculitic; Antimastitic PAM ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antioxidant PAM ; Antiozenic DUKE1992B ; Antipapillomic MPP ; Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day M29 ; Antipityriasic PAM ; AntiPMS JAFC34:409 ; Antiporphyric MAR ; Antiproliferant JNU ; Antipsoriac PAM ; Antiradicular PAM ; Antirheumatic MPP ; Antistress DAS ; Antitumor HSC25:1495 ; Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60 ug/ml X16277432 ; Antitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/ml X16277432 ; Antitumor (Colon) X16277432 ; Antitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/ml X16277432 ; Antitumor (Prostate) MES ; Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml X16277432 ; Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl PAM 15,000-25,000 IU/day WAF ; Antixerophthalmic DAS ; Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm 505 ; Chemopreventive MES ; Colorant JBH ; COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml X16277432 ; COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml X16277432 ; Gastroprotective X6654625 ; Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl PAM ; Interferon-Synergist PJB1(2):264 ; Mucogenic PAM ; Phagocytotic PAM ; Prooxidant 20 ug/g JAF44:2096 ; Thymoprotective PAM ; Ubiquiot JBH
BETA-CYANOALANINE Seed: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
BETULIN Root: DUKE1992A
Anticarcinomic PJB1(3):232 ; Antifeedant JAF38:494 ; Antiflu JNP67:344 ; AntiHIV 6.1 uM JNP66:263 ; Antiinflammatory PM61:9 ; Antitumor JBH ; Antiviral; Aphidifuge JAF38:493 ; Cytotoxic 600 ppm DUKE1992B 8.6 uM JNP66:263 ; Hypolipemic PMP23:49 ; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=119 uM YHH30:621 ; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=38.6 uM JNP64:1545
BIOTIN Seed 0.03 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antialopecic JLR1(2) ; Antidermatitic 3 mg/2x/day PAM ; Antineuralgic JN127:710 ; Antiseborrheic PAM
BUTEIN Fruit 0.02 - 7 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiinflammatory PM64:153 ; Antioxidant 1,000 uM PC27:974 ; Oxidase-Inhibitor JBH ; Pigment JBH
CAFFEIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) SKN43:99 ; Allergenic M&R317 ; Analgesic PMP23:51 ; Antiadenoviral EMP5:207 ; Antiaggregant JBH ; Antiaging PM69:1125 ; Antiatherogenic X15712986 ; Antibacterial; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Anticarcinogenic EMP6:189 ; Antidepressant; Antiedemic EMP6:189 ; Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) PM69:820 IC50=93 um/l X11199135 ; Antiescherichic PR14:561 ; Antiflu EMP5:207 ; Antigonadotropic JNM1:10 ; Antihemolytic 25 uM PC36:579 ; Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus ACS661:230 ; Antihepatotoxic PM56:173 ; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=>50 ug/ml POP:270 ; Antihistaminic DUKE1992B ; AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic EMP6:189 ; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella YAK122:487 ; Antileukemic AJC31:37 ; Antileukotriene DUKE1992B ; Antimelanogenic JAF50:3718 ; Antimutagenic PCF:18 ; Antinitrosaminic PCF:18 ; Antiophidic FT65(2):101 ; Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E BO2 1/2 BHA JAF50:889 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397 30 mM JAF48:235 50 uM PC27:973 IC57=30 ppm PCF:221 ; Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml JAF50:2993 IC50=44 uM PM57:A54 IC85=100 ug/ml X15796587 ; Antiproliferant AJC31:37 ; Antiprostaglandin PJB1(1):169 ; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin JAF47:397 10 uM PC36:579 30 mM JAF48:235 IC50=32-35 uM JAF50:7022 ; Antiseptic JE26:76 ; Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM PR4:73 ; Antistaphylococcic PR14:561 ; Antistomatitic EMP5:207 ; Antisunburn PM61:510 ; Antithiamin PCF:69 ; Antithyroid JNM1:10 ; Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antitumor (Skin) JAF50:3718 ; Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM CR48:5941 ; Antiulcerogenic; Antivaccinia EMP5:207 ; Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml; Anxiolytic X12802204 ; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt K16299 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic 2% (diet); Chemopreventive X15712986 ; Cholagogue WIC ; Choleretic 411 ; Clastogenic JBH ; CNS-Active WIC ; Co-carcinogenic PCF:44 ; Collagen-Sparing PM61:510 ; COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM JNP65:1517 ; Cytoprotective CAN ; Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml POP:270 ; Diuretic WIC ; DNA-Active JBH ; DNA-Protective JAF50:7022 ; Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol) ACS661:230 ; Hepatoprotective ACM:210 ; Hepatotropic DUKE1992B ; Histamine-Inhibitor DUKE1992B ; Immunostimulant PPL7:187 ; Insectifuge EB48:111 ; Leukotriene-Inhibitor DUKE1992B ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM JAF38:688 IC50=62-148 uM JAF44:2057 ; Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM JAF44:2057 ; Metal-Chelator PCF:25 ; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor PCF:19 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Prooxidant JAFC45:632 ; Prostaglandigenic RWG27 ; Sedative 500 mg RWG17 ; Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l FT64:134 IC91=5 mg/l FT64:134 IC98=25 mg/l FT64:134 ; Tumorigenic 505 ; Vulnerary JE26:76 ; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM MAB
CALCIUM Fruit 500 - 3,425 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 220 - 31,160 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety DAS ; Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg RAF ; Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day WAF ; Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day WER ; Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Antidepressant DAS ; Antidote (Aluminum) DAS ; Antidote (Lead) DAS ; Antihyperkinetic DAS ; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac DAS ; Antimenopausal; Antiobesity PIL ; Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day WER ; AntiPMS 1 g/day; Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day WAF ; Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Antitic DAS ; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Channel-Blocker NP6:1 ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day WER ; Hypotensive 1 g/day WER ; Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg WAF ; Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day WAF ; Vasodilator NP6:1
CARBOHYDRATES Seed 117,000 - 615,790 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
CHLORINE Fruit 430 - 2,945 ppm DUKE1992A
Antibacterial M29 ; Antiherpetic M29 ; Antiseptic M29 ; Antiviral M29 ; Candidicide M29 ; Fungicide M29 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
CHOLESTEROL Oil 400 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antioxidant IC43=10 uM JMF5:1
CHOLINE Fruit 50 - 340 ppm DUKE1992A
Antialzheimeran 5-16 g/man/day; Antichoreic DAS ; Anticirrhotic 6,000 mg/man/day DUKE1992B ; Anticystinuric DUKE1992B ; Antidementia PJB1(1):171 ; Antidiabetic DUKE1992B ; Antidyskinetic 150-200 mg/kg/man/day MAR ; Antihomocysteine SN160:282 ; Antimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl PAM ; Antinociceptive X579998 ; Antisteatotic JN133:1302 ; Cardiodepressant SN160:282 ; Cerebrotonic SN160:282 ; Cholinergic CAN ; Hepatoprotective JN127:893S ; Hypotensive DUKE1992B ; Ileorelaxant FT1990:509 ; Lipotropic JE26:86 ; Memorigenic SN160:282 ; Parasympathomimetic (1/1,000th acetylcholine) HDN
CITRIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
Allergenic M&R610 ; Alpha-Amylase-Inhibitor X10879476 ; Antiaphthic 20,000 ppm MAR ; Antiatherosclerotic X11413687 ; Antibacterial PR14:303 ; Anticalculic JE26:81 ; Anticoagulant M11 ; Antileishmanic X18095647 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antioxidant Synergist M11 ; Antiseborrheic LRN-JUN89 ; Antiseptic M29 ; Antitubercular PR14:303 ; Antitumor EMP6:235 ; Disinfectant M29 ; FLavor FEMA 370-4,400 ARC ; Hemostat JE26:81 ; Irritant ZEB ; Laxative? LRN-SEP91 ; Litholytic M29 ; Mycobactericide PR14:303 ; Odontolytic ZEB ; Refrigerant MAR
CONVICINE Fruit 600 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
COPPER Fruit 1.7 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antianemic HYL ; Antiarthritic; Antidiabetic 2-4 mg/day WER ; Antifatigue HYL ; Antiinflammatory WER ; Antinociceptive WER ; Antiosteoporotic MPP ; Cardioprotective HYL ; Contraceptive MAR ; Hypocholesterolemic DAS ; Immunomodulator; Schizophrenigenic DAS
CYSTINE Seed 770 - 4,050 ppm DUKE1992A
Adjuvant M11 ; Antihomocystinuric M29
D-HYDROXYLYSINE Seed: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
DIVICINE Fruit: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
DOPA Leaf: DUKE1992A
Antiparkinsonian DUKE1992B
DOPA-GLUCOSIDE Shoot: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
FAT Fruit 1,000 - 6,850 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 6,000 - 31,580 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
FERULIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
Allelopathic JCE17:865 ; Analgesic ACM:69 ; Antiaggregant CPB38:1620 ; Antiallergic LAF ; Antiarrhythmic PJB1(2):270 ; Antibacterial JBH ; Anticancer (Colon); Anticancer (Forestomach) PAL:335 ; Anticancer (Liver) PAL:335 ; Anticancer (Skin) PAL:335 ; Anticarcinogenic JAF45:661 ; Antidysmenorrheic CPB38:1623 ; Antiestrogenic JBH ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antiherpetic JAR10:7 ; Antiinflammatory PCF:19 ; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml AJC31:37 ; Antimitotic JBH ; Antimutagenic PCF:18 ; Antineoplastic (Stomach) NR11:S120 ; Antinitrosaminic PCF:18 ; Antioxidant 1/2 BHA JAF50:889 1/3 quercetin JAF49:3653 3,000 uM PC27:973 EC50=9-15 ug/ml JAF50:5850 IC51=200 ppm PCF:221 ; Antiradicular EC50=9-15 ug/ml JAF50:5850 IC50=116-124 uM JAF50:7022 ; Antiserotonin JBH ; Antispasmodic LAF ; Antithrombic LAF ; Antitumor JBH ; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Forestomach) PAL:335 ; Antitumor (Liver) PAL:335 ; Antitumor (Skin) PAL:335 ; Antitumor-Promoter IC46=10 uM CR48:5941 ; Antiviral V&D ; Arteriodilator CPB38:1620 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Candidicide JBH ; Cardiac CPB38:1620 ; Cholagogue PHZ46:156 ; Choleretic 411 ; Fungicide NIG ; Hepatoprotective MAB ; Hepatotropic DUKE1992B ; Herbicide AB68:195 ; Hydrocholerectic JBH ; Hypolipidemic NR11:S120 ; Immunostimulant EMP1:124 ; Insectifuge EB48:111 ; Metal-Chelator PCF:25 ; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor PCF:19 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phagocytotic; Preservative M11 ; Prostaglandigenic RWG27 ; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM YHH25:412 ; Sunscreen CMR9/10/92 ; Uterosedative 30-100 mg/kg ivn rat CPB38:1620
FIBER Fruit 20,000 - 137,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 22,000 - 115,780 ppm DUKE1992A
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker NP6:1 ; Antidiabetic DUKE1992B ; Antihypertensive NP6:1 ; Antiobesity DUKE1992B ; Antitumor PAM ; Antiulcer PAM ; Beta-Blocker NP6:1 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cardioprotective DUKE1992B ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypocholesterolemic DUKE1992B ; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl PAM ; Hypouricemic X12350076 ; Laxative DUKE1992B ; Vasodilator NP6:1
FR Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
FUMARIC-ACID Root: DUKE1992A
Acidulant MAR ; Antidermatitic WIC ; Antihepatocarcinogenic IC100=1% (diet) CPB38:2012 ; Antioxidant M11 ; Antipsoriac WIC ; Antitumor 411 ; FLavor FEMA 50-3,600 ARC
GAMMA-HYDROXYCITRULLIN Seed: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
GERALDONE Fruit 0.02 - 6 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
GIBBERELLIN-A-53 Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
GLUTAMIC-ACID Seed 8,550 - 45,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Antialkali? 500-1,000 mg/day/orl/man M29 ; Antiepileptic DUKE1992B ; Antihyperammonemic M29 ; Antilithic PAM ; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x/day WER ; Antiretardation JBH ; Anxiolytic M11 ; Neurotoxic JBH
GLYCERIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
Cholesterolytic DUKE1992B ; Diuretic DUKE1992B ; Hepatotonic FT5:1986
GLYCINE Seed 2,300 - 12,100 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiacid M29 ; Antialdosteronic PAM ; Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) M29 ; Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Antigastritic M29 ; Antiprostatitic 125-250 mg 3 x/day WER ; Antipruritic M11 ; Antisickling PM56(1):41 ; Antiulcer M29 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Neuroinhibitor WER ; Uricosuric DUKE1992B
HCN Seed: DUKE1992A
Antiasthmatic KCH ; Antidote Ihl (=Amyl Nitrite) M29 ; Antitussive KCH ; Bronchosedative KCH ; Insecticide 382 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Respirastimulant KCH ; Rodenticide M29 ; Vasomotor-Stimulant DUKE1992B
HEXOSAMINE Seed: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
HISTIDINE Seed 1,340 - 7,050 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80 ; Antinephritic JBH ; Antioxidant PC27:976 ; Antiulcer JE26:80 ; Antiuremic JBH ; Essential JBH ; Oxidant PC27:976
IODINE Fruit 0.09 - 0.6 ppm DUKE1992A
Acnegenic DAS ; Antibacterial AHP146 ; Antigoiter DAS ; Antiseptic AHP146 ; Antithyrotoxic DAS ; Antiviral AHP146 ; Dermatitigenic DAS ; Fungicide AHP146 ; Goitrogenic DAS ; Hyperthyroid >1 mm/day/diet AHP146 ; Protisticide AHP146 ; Thyrotropic DAS
IRON Seed 19 - 100 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiakathisic M29 ; Antianemic M29 ; Anticanker; Anticheilitic DAS ; Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl PAM ; Prooxidant PIL
ISOLEUCINE Seed 2,510 - 13,210 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiencephalopathic? M29 ; Antipellagric MAR ; Essential JBH
JASMONIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL Shoot: DUKE1992A
11B-HSD-Inhibitor CPT59:62 ; 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM JBC8:211 ; Antiaflatoxin IC50=3.28 ppm X11714299 IC50=8.73 uM X11714299 ; Antiaggregant 30 uM; Antiallergic RWG122 ; Antibacterial 20 ug/ml; Anticancer JAF47:397 ; Antifertility 250 mg/kg/day/60 days/orl rat PMP23:193 ; Antigingivitic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiherpetic 23-92 ug/ml JNP55:1732 ; Antihistaminic 411 ; Antiimplantation JE32:175 ; Antiinflammatory 20 mg/kg DUKE1992B 200 mg/kg ipr rat DUKE1992B ; Antileukemic IC50=3.1 ug/ml LS55:1061 ; Antilymphocytic JBH ; Antimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM PCF ; Antioxidant 3/4 quercetin JAF49:3653 IC50=1.2 ug/ml JAF50:3150 IC50=40 uM PC27:972 ; Antiperiodontic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiplaque JNP59:987 ; Antiradicular 7 x quercetin; Antiseptic 20 ug/ml JNP59:987 ; Antiserotonin 200 mg/kg ipr rat FT63(1):3 ; Antispasmodic 411 ; Antistaphylococcic PR14:561 ; Antitumor JAF47:397 ; Antitumor-Promoter CPB38:774 ; Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kg ipr rat; Antiviral 23-92 ug/ml; Apoptotic 60 uM X10673981 ; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC12=1 uM/l JMF2:235 ; cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor AFR27:180 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic ZUL ; Choleretic LAF ; Copper-Chelator X10976523 ; COX-2-Inhibitor COX:50 ; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20; Cytotoxic JAF50:850 ; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90 ; Diuretic BJP3:10 ; Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227 EC50=0.56 uM X10923837 ; Fungicide 20 ug/ml FNF ; Hepatoprotective IC50=1.30 ppm X11714299 IC50=5.46 uM X11714299 ; HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=50-150 ug/ml JNP54:142 ; Hypotensive FT1990:508 ; ICAM-1-Inhibitor X15322261 ; iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM X15832817 IC50=<15 uM X10506109 ; Inotropic X10404425 ; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor JBH ; JNK-Inhibitor X15322261 ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor JBH ; MAO-Inhibitor X10813558 ; Mutagenic; Natriuretic BJP3:10 ; Neuroprotective X10813558 ; NO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9 uM X15832817 ; PAF-Inhibitor FT67:548 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Protisticide PR13:102 ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uM; Teratologic DUKE1992B ; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.99 uM JMF6:365 ; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor TIH14:223 ; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml JNP58:217 ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=230 uM; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l JMF2:227 ; Vasodilator JAFC48:220
KAEMPFEROL-3-(2"RHAMNOSYL)GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Fruit 3 - 220 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-3-(6"-ACETYL)GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Fruit 13 - 738 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-3-0-GLUCOSIDE Fruit 0.01 - 1 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-3-GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Fruit 8 - 267 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-3-RHAMNOSYL-(6"-ACETYL)GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Plant 8 - 653 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
KAEMPFEROL-7-GLUCOSIDE Fruit 0.03 - 1.3 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiinflammatory DUKE1992B
KILOCALORIES Seed 720 - 3,790 /kg DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
L-DOPA Flower 110,000 ppm; DUKE1992A Fruit 2,500 - 25,000 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 1,500 - 2,500 ppm DUKE1992A Stem 34,560 ppm; DUKE1992A
Analgesic M29 ; Anorexic 50 mg/kg scu rat BBE ; Antidote (Manganese) M29 ; Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Antifeedant SCI181:81 ; Antimorphinic 100 scu mus BBE ; Antineuroleptic M29 ; Antiparkinsonian 250-8,000 mg/man/day; Antireserpine ED50=400 orl mus BBE ; Antitremor JBH ; Aphrodisiac M29 ; Arrhythmigenic M29 ; Cardiovascular 12 ivn rat BBE ; CNS-Active 50 ivn rat BBE ; Depressant M29 ; Diuretic 1-2 g/man/day MAR ; Dopaminergic 225 orl mus DUKE1992B 50 ipr rat BBE ; Emetic MAR ; Hallucinogen M29 ; Hypertensive M29 ; Hypotensive M29 ; Insectifuge JAD ; Miotic M29 ; Natriuretic MAR
LEUCINE Seed 4,320 - 22,735 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Essential JBH
LEUCOCYANIDIN Seed: DUKE1992A
Capillariprotective M11
LEUCODELPHINIDIN Seed: DUKE1992A
Antiinflammatory CRC ; Antineoplastic LRN-SEP92
LINOLEIC-ACID Seed 1,200 - 6,315 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiacne JAR12:99 ; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antianaphylactic EMP6:189 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antiarteriosclerotic JE26:80 ; Antiarthritic EMP6:189 ; Anticoronary JBH ; Antieczemic EMP6:189 ; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53 ; Antigranular DUKE1992B ; Antihistaminic EMP6:189 ; Antiinflammatory IC50=31 uM; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153 ; Antimenorrhagic PAM ; AntiMS EMP6:189 ; Antiprostatitic PAM ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Carcinogenic SN146:421 ; Comedolytic JAR12:99 ; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Immunomodulator EMP6:189 ; Insectifuge 382 ; Metastatic SN146:421 ; Nematicide NIG ; Propecic X12033503
LINOLENIC-ACID Seed 1,890 - 9,950 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
LYSINE Seed 3,660 - 19,265 ppm DUKE1992A
Antialkalotic M29 ; Antiherpetic 0.5-3 g/day; Essential JBH ; Hypoarginanemic 250 mg/kg M29
MAGNESIUM Fruit 330 - 2,260 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 380 - 2,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiaggregant 400 mg/day; Antialcoholic PIL ; Antianginal WER ; Antianorectic DAS ; Antianxiety WER ; Antiarrhythmic; Antiarthritic DAS ; Antiasthmatic PAM ; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticephalagic PIL ; AntiCFS PIL ; Anticlimacteric 500-750 mg/day; Anticonvulsant FAC ; Anticoronary 400 mg/day SYN-X ; Antidepressant DAS ; Antidiabetic 400-800 mg/man/day; Antidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4 x/day WER ; Antiendometriotic 500 mg/day WAF ; Antienterotic KEN ; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antifatigue KEN ; Antifibromyalgic 200-300 mg 3x/day; Antigastrotic KEN ; Antiglaucomic ABEL1999 ; Antihyperkinetic DAS ; Antihypertensive NP6:1 ; Antihypoglycemic DAS ; Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4 x/day WER ; Antiinsomniac DAS ; Antilithic PAM ; AntiLyme 400-1,000 mg; Antimastalgic PAM ; Antimenopausal 500-750 mg/day; Antimigraine 200 mg/day/man WER ; Antimitral-valve-prolapse PIL ; AntiMS; Antinephrolytic; Antineurotic DAS ; Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000 mg/day/wmn/orl; Antiplaque 500-1,000 mg/day WAF ; AntiPMS 400-800 mg/day/wmn orl 400-800 mg/day/wmn/orl; AntiRaynaud's 280-350 mg/day WAF ; Antiretinopathic 400 mg/day SYN-X ; Antispasmodic PIL ; Antispasmophilic 500 mg/day WER ; Antistress 500-750 mg/day WAF ; Antistroke 400 mg/day SYN-X ; Antisyndrome-X 400 mg/man/day SYN-X ; Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/day; Calcium-Antagonist; Cardioprotective PIL ; CNS-Depressant FAC ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypocholesterolemic 400 mg/day WER ; Hypotensive 260-500 mg/day; Immunomodulator KEN ; Insulinogenic 400 mg/day SYN-X ; Laxative 300-500 mg/day; Litholytic PIL ; Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day WER ; Neurotransmitter; Tranquilizer 500-750 mg/day WAF ; Uterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day WER ; Vasodilator
MALIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
Antiatherosclerotic X11413687 ; Antibacterial PR14:303 ; Antifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/day PIL ; Antioxidant Synergist M11 ; Antiseborrheic LRN-JUN89 ; Antiseptic M29 ; Antitubercular PR14:303 ; Antitumor EMP6:235 ; Bacteristat DUKE1992B ; Bruchiphobe 382 ; Hemopoietic DUKE1992B ; Laxative? LRN-SEP91 ; Mycobactericide PR14:303 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Sialogogue M29
MEDICARPIN Plant: DUKE1992A
Analgesic POP:302 ; Antibacterial ED50=10 ug/ml 438 MIC=100 ug/ml PM57:A13 ; Antitubercular JLI ; Anxiolytic IJO16:4 ; Cytotoxic 100 ug/ml PM57:A13 ; Fungicide ED50=25-66 ug/ml JLI MIC=100 ug/ml PM57:A13 ; Nematicide LD50=25 ug/ml PM57:A13 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin MIC=50-100 ug/ml PM57:A13 ; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer IC50>74.8 uM JNP60(9):869 ; Tranquilizer? IJO16:4
METHIONINE Seed 430 - 2,265 ppm DUKE1992A
Anticataract PAM ; Antidote (Acetaminophen) 10 g/16hr/man/orl M29 ; Antidote (Paracetamol) M29 ; Antieczemic JE26:80 ; Antihepatotic JBH ; Antioxidant PC27:976 ; Antiparkinsonian 1-5 g/day WER ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Emetic M29 ; Essential JBH ; Glutathionigenic M29 ; Hepatoprotective ACN:207 ; Lipotropic M11 ; Urine-Acidifier 200 mg/3x/day/man/orl MAR ; Urine-Deodorant M29
MUFA Seed 170 - 895 ppm DUKE1992A
Allergenic M&R495 ; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B ; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153 ; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B ; Dermatitigenic M&R495 ; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Insectifuge 382 ; Irritant M11 ; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086 ; Perfumery ARC
MYRISTIC-ACID Seed: DUKE1992A
Antioxidant IC71=60 JAF50:2231 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cosmetic JBH ; Hypercholesterolemic GAS ; Lubricant JBH ; Nematicide NIG
NAICIN Seed 15 - 75 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
NIACIN Fruit 8 - 55 ppm DUKE1992A
Allergenic WER ; Antiacrodynic DUKE1992B ; Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day WER ; Antialzheimeran PIL ; Antiamblyopic DUKE1992B ; Antianginal DUKE1992B ; Anticataract DUKE1992B ; Antichilblain JBH ; Anticonvulsant 3 g/day WER ; Antidementia PIL ; Antidermatitic DAS ; Antidiabetic DUKE1992B ; Antidysphagic DUKE1992B ; Antiepileptic WER ; Antihangover 50 mg WAF ; Antihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day WER ; Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day WER ; Antiinsomnic 1 g/day WER ; AntiLyme 50 mg/day; AntiMeniere's JAD ; Antineuralgic DUKE1992B ; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day WER ; Antipellagric DAS ; AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000 mg/day WAF ; Antiscotomic DUKE1992B ; Antispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day WER ; Antivertigo DUKE1992B ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Cardioprotective PIL ; Circulotonic PIL ; Fibrinolytic MPP ; Hepatoprotective DUKE1992B ; Hepatotoxic PIL ; Hypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg 3x/day; Hypoglycemic DUKE1992B ; Hypolipidemic RWG:17 ; Sedative PAM ; Serotoninergic PAM ; Vasodilator M29
OLEIC-ACID Seed 170 - 895 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Allergenic M&R495 ; Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X12033503 ; Anemiagenic DUKE1992B ; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antiinflammatory IC50=21 uM POP:153 ; Antileukotriene-D4 POP:153 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Choleretic 5 ml/man DUKE1992B ; Dermatitigenic M&R495 ; FLavor FEMA 1-30 ARC ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Insectifuge 382 ; Irritant M11 ; Percutaneostimulant CPB38:3086 ; Perfumery ARC ; Propecic X12033503
OXALIC-ACID Fruit 10 - 70 ppm DUKE1992A
Acaricide X12090773 ; Antiseptic DUKE1992B ; CNS-Paralytic JBH ; Fatal M29 ; Hemostatic M11 ; Irritant M&R499 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Renotoxic M11 ; Varroacide X12090773
P-COUMARIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity) SKN43:99 ; Allelopathic JBH ; Antibacterial PHZ46:156 ; Anticlastogen X9025787 ; Antifertility AEHD1:84 ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml AJC31:37 ; Antinitrosaminic JNU ; Antioxidant 1/3 BHA JAF50:889 IC24=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM PM57:A54 ; Antiseptic X15712986 ; Antispasmodic CAN ; Antitumor; Cancer-Preventive; Chemopreventive X15712986 ; Choleretic DUKE1992B ; Cytotoxic JBH ; Diaphoretic? LRN-DEC90 ; Fungicide NIG ; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5 mM JAF38:688 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Prostaglandigenic RWG27 ; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor DUKE1992B ; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650 uM JAF51:2837
P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Shoot: DUKE1992A
Antibacterial POP:58 ; Antimutagenic EMP6:235 ; Antioxidant PCF:65 ; Antiradicular PMID10616967 ; Antisickling 10.5 ug/ml; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Fungistat EC50=607 ug/ml NIG ; Immunosuppressant RWG29 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin NIG ; Prostaglandigenic JBH ; Secretogogue CAN ; Ubiquiot JBH
PALMITIC-ACID Seed 1,210 - 6,370 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antialopecic X12033503 ; Antiandrogenic X12033503 ; Antifibrinolytic EMP1:53 ; Antioxidant IC40=60 JAF50:2231 ; FLavor FEMA 1 ARC ; Hemolytic BIS ; Hypercholesterolemic GAS ; Lubricant JBH ; Nematicide NIG ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Propecic X12033503 ; Soap JBH
PALMITOLEIC-ACID Seed: DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X1637346 ; Soap JBH
PANTOTHENIC-ACID Seed 50 ppm; DUKE1992A
Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day WER ; Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/day; Anticephalagic JBH ; Anticlaudificant? M29 ; Antidermatitic JAD ; Antifatigue JBH ; Antihypercholesterolemic 300 mg/meal WER ; Antiielus? M29 ; Antiinsomniac? M29 ; Antirheumatitic? M29 ; Cancer-Preventive 525
PHENYLALANINE Seed 2,280 - 12,000 ppm DUKE1992A
AntiADD 587 mg/day/orl M29 ; Antidepressant 50-4,000 mg/day/man; Antiparkinsonian 200-500 mg/day/man MAR ; Antisickling 690 ug/ml; Antivitiligic 100 mg/kg/day/orl/man M29 ; Monoamine-Precursor PAM ; Tremorigenic 1,600-12,600 mg/man/day MAR
PHOSPHATIDES Seed 12,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PHOSPHORUS Fruit 740 - 5,070 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 950 - 5,000 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiosteoporotic DAS ; Anxiolytic WAF ; Immunostimulant DAS ; Osteogenic DAS
PIPECOLIC-ACID Seed 4,400 - 4,915 ppm DUKE1992A
Herbistat JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
POTASSIUM Fruit 390 - 2,670 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 2,500 - 13,160 ppm DUKE1992A
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker NP6:1 ; Antiarrhythmic DAS ; Antidepressant DAS ; Antifatigue DAS ; Antihypertensive; Antispasmodic DAS ; Antistroke; Anxiolytic WAF ; Beta-Blocker NP6:1 ; Cardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mg PIL ; Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day DUKE1992B ; Diuretic NP6:1 ; Hypotensive; Vasodilator NP6:1
PROLINE Seed 2,520 - 13,265 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PROTEIN Fruit 45,000 - 308,200 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 56,000 - 294,735 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
PUFA Seed 3,100 - 16,315 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiacne MAR ; Antieczemic MAR ; AntiMS MAR ; Antipolyneuritic MAR
QUERCETIN-3-(6"-ACETYL)GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Fruit 7 - 720 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
QUERCETIN-3-GALACTOSIDE-7-RHAMNOSIDE Fruit 9 - 1,480 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
QUERCETIN-TRIGLYCOSIDE Fruit 2 - 120 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
RIBOFLAVIN Seed 1.1 - 6 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl MAR ; Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day WER ; Anticataract 15 mg/day WER ; Anticephalagic PIL ; Anticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/day WAF ; Anticheilitic DUKE1992B ; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B ; Antiglossitic DAS ; Antikeratitic DUKE1992B ; AntiLyme 50 mg/day KEn ; Antimigraine DUKE1992B ; Antioxidant PIL ; Antipellagric DUKE1992B ; Antiphotophobic DAS ; Cancer-Preventive 525
SERINE Seed 2,460 - 12,950 ppm DUKE1992A
Cancer-Preventive 525
SFA Seed 1,380 - 7,265 ppm DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
SINAPIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
Antibacterial JBH ; Antihepatotoxic JBH ; Antioxidant IC27=30 ppm PCF:221 ; Antiperoxynitrite IC39=5 uM JAF50:5884 IC60=20 uM JAF50:5884 IC75=100 uM JAF50:5884 ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Fungicide JBH ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
SODIUM Fruit 435 - 2,980 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 500 - 2,630 ppm DUKE1992A
Hypertensive DAS
STEARIC-ACID Seed 170 - 895 ppm DUKE1992A
5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor X10830511 ; Cosmetic JBH ; FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 ARC ; Hypocholesterolemic GAS ; Lubricant JBH ; Perfumery ARC ; Propecic X10830511 ; Suppository JBH
STIZOLAMINE Seed: DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
SULFUR Fruit 530 - 3,630 ppm DUKE1992A
Acarifuge DUKE1992B ; Antiacne M29 ; Antiarthritic WER ; Antidandruff M29 ; Antigrey M29 ; Antiosteoarthritic WER ; Antiseborrheic M29 ; Antiseptic M29 ; Comedogenic M29 ; Keratolytic M29 ; Laxative M29 ; Parasiticide M29 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Scabicide M29
THIAMIN Fruit 0.8 - 5.4 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 1.7 - 9 ppm DUKE1992A
Analgesic 1-4 g/day WER ; Antialcoholic 50-100 mg/day; Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg/day WER ; Antianorectic JBH ; Antibackache 1-4 g/day WER ; Antiberiberi DUKE1992B ; Anticanker MPP ; Anticardiospasmic DUKE1992B ; Anticataract PIL ; Anticolitic DUKE1992B ; Antidecubitic DUKE1992B ; Antideliriant DUKE1992B ; Antidementia PIL ; Antidyspeptic PIL ; Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Antifatigue JBH ; Antigastritic JBH ; Antihangover 50 mg WAF ; Antiheartburn DUKE1992B ; Antiherpetic DUKE1992B ; AntiLyme; Antimigraine DUKE1992B ; Antimyocarditic DUKE1992B ; Antineuralgic 1-4 g/day WER ; Antineurasthenic DUKE1992B ; Antineuritic DUKE1992B ; Antineuropathic 50 mg WER ; Antipoliomyelitic DUKE1992B ; Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day MAR ; Neuroprotective PIL ; Pesticide DUKE1992B
THREONINE Seed 2,080 - 10,950 ppm DUKE1992A
Antioxidant? PC27:976 ; Antiulcer M29 ; Essential JBH ; FLavor FEMA 1,000 ARC
TRYPTOPHAN Seed 560 - 2,950 ppm DUKE1992A
Analgesic 750 mg/4x/day/orl/man M29 ; Antianxiety 500-1,000 mg/meal WER ; Antidementia 3 g/day WER ; Antidepressant 1-3 g/3x/day/orl/man M29 ; Antidyskinetic 2-8 g/orl/wmn/day M29 ; Antihypertensive JAF36:1079 ; Antiinsomniac 1-3 g/day WER ; Antimanic 12 g/man/day/orl PAM ; Antimenopausal 6 g/day WER ; Antimigraine 500 mg/man/4x/day M29 ; Antioxidant 125 ug/ml; Antiparkinsonian 2 g 3 x/day WER ; Antiphenylketonuric M29 ; Antiprostaglandin 250 pg/ml X12120812 ; Antipsychotic 12 g/man/day M29 ; Antirheumatic M29 ; Antiscoliotic ACS791:267 ; Carcinogenic CRC ; Essential JBH ; Hypnotic M29 ; Hypoglycemic EMP6:157 ; Hypotensive 3 g/day WER ; Insulinase-Inhibitor EMP6:157 ; Insulinotonic JAF36:1079 ; Monoamine-Precursor PAM ; Prolactinogenic PAM ; Sedative 3-10 g/man/day; Serotoninergic 6-12 g/day/orl/man MAR ; Tumor-Promoter JAF36:1079
TYROSINE Seed 1,960 - 10,315 ppm DUKE1992A
Antidepressant?; Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/kg/day WER ; Antiphenylketonuric M29 ; Antiulcer 256 mg scu BBE 400 mg/kg ipr rat BBE ; Cancer-Preventive 525 ; Monoamine-Precursor PAM
VALINE Seed 2,740 - 14,420 ppm DUKE1992A
Antiencephalopathic M29 ; Essential DUKE1992B ; FLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000 ARC
VICINE Fruit 5,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
WATER Fruit 854,000 ppm; DUKE1992A Seed 810,000 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
WAX Leaf 1,400 ppm; DUKE1992A
No activity reported.
WYERONE Sprout Seedling 10 - 335 ppm DUKE1992A
Fungicide IC90=500 ug/ml 438 ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin NIG
WYERONE-EPOXIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
Fungicide ED50=<50 JLI ; Pesticide DUKE1992B ; Phytoalexin JLI
The source of the experience
Dr Dukes plant databaseConcepts, symbols and science items
Concepts
Symbols
Science Items
Activities and commonsteps
Commonsteps
References
References
382: Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.
411: Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
438: Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.
505: Jim Duke's personal files.
525: Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.
AB68:195: Angewandte Botanik 68(5/6)=1994. Page 195.
ABEL1999: Jim Duke's personal files
ACM:210: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.
ACM:69: Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 69.
ACN:207: Jim Duke's personal files
ACS661:230: Jim Duke's personal files
ACS791:267: Jim Duke's personal files
AEHD1:84: Jim Duke's personal files
AFR27:180: Jim Duke's personal files
AHP146: Jim Duke's personal files
AJC31:37: Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.
ARC: Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry Note: Most ARC numerical data were in mg/dl. I know of no other plant where zinc is more prevalent than other minerals and protein. These data should be viewed as suspect.
BBE: Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press, Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.
BIS: Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp. Note: English translation of Wichtl, 1984,1989).
BJP3:10: Jim Duke's personal files
BO2: Jim Duke's personal files
CAN: Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
CMR3/4/91:16: Jim Duke's personal files
CMR9/10/92: Chemical Marketing Reporter; a weekly tabloid, 9/10/92.
COX:50: Jim Duke's personal files
CPB38:1620: Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.
CPB38:1623: Jim Duke's personal files
CPB38:2012: Akao, M. and Kuroda, K. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Fumaric Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis by Thioacetamide in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(7): 2012-2014, 1990.
CPB38:3086: Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.
CPB38:774: Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990.
CPT59:62: Jim Duke's personal files
CR48:5941: Cancer Research, 48: 5941.
CRC: CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
DAS: Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.
DUKE1992A: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DUKE1992B: Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of biologically active phytochemicals and their activities. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
EB48:111: Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
EMP1:124: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.
EMP1:53: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.
EMP5:207: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.
EMP6:157: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 157.
EMP6:189: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.
EMP6:235: Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.
FAC: Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.
FHN: Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.
FNF: Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.
FT1990:508: Jim Duke's personal files
FT1990:509: Jim Duke's personal files
FT5:1986: Fitoterapia No.5-1986.
FT63(1):3: Jim Duke's personal files
FT64:134: Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2): 134-136, 1993.
FT65(2):101: Jim Duke's personal files
FT67:548: Jim Duke's personal files
GAS: Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)
HDN: Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.
HG17: HerbalGram No. 17.
HSC25:1495: Simon, P.W. Carrots and Other Horticultural Crops as a Source of Provitamin A Carotenes. HortScience, 25(12): 1495, 1990.
HYL: Jim Duke's personal files
IJO16:4: Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.
JAD: Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.
JAF36:1079: J. Agri. & Food Chemistry, 36: 1079.
JAF38:493: Lugemwa, F.N., Huang, F-Y., Bentley, M.D., Mendel, M.J., and Alford, A.R. 1990. A Heliothis zea Antifeedant from the Abundant Birchbark Triterpene Betulin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38(2): 493-494.
JAF38:494: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF38:688: Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.
JAF44:2057: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF44:2096: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF45:661: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF47:397: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF48:235: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF49:3653: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:2231: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:2993: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:3150: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:3718: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:5850: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:5884: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:7022: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:850: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF50:889: Jim Duke's personal files
JAF51:2837: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC34:409: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC45:632: Jim Duke's personal files
JAFC48:220: Jim Duke's personal files
JAR10:7: Jim Duke's personal files
JAR12:99: Jim Duke's personal files
JBC8:211: Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. J Braz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213.
JBH: Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
JCE17:865: Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, Water Utilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.
JE26:76: Jim Duke's personal files
JE26:80: Jim Duke's personal files
JE26:81: Jim Duke's personal files
JE26:86: Jim Duke's personal files
JE32:175: Jim Duke's personal files
JLI: Jim Duke's personal files
JLR1(2): Jim Duke's personal files
JMF1(3): Jim Duke's personal files
JMF2:227: Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 227.1999.
JMF2:235: Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.
JMF5:1: Jim Duke's personal files
JMF6:365: Jim Duke's personal files
JN127:710: Jim Duke's personal files
JN127:893S: Jim Duke's personal files
JN133:1302: Jim Duke's personal files
JNM1:10: Jim Duke's personal files.
JNP54:142: Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An Ergosterol Derivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991.
JNP55:1732: Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture. Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.
JNP58:217: Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons: Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225.
JNP59:987: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP60(9):869: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP64:1545: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP65:1517: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP66:263: Jim Duke's personal files
JNP67:344: Jim Duke's personal files
JNU: Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.
K16299: Jim Duke's personal files
KCH: Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.
KEN: Jim Duke's personal files
KEn: Jim Duke's personal files
LAF: Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
LRN-DEC90: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.
LRN-JUN89: Jim Duke's personal files
LRN-SEP91: Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.
LRN-SEP92: Jim Duke's personal files
LS55:1061: Life Sciences 55: 1061.
M&R317: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R495: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R499: Jim Duke's personal files
M&R610: Jim Duke's personal files
M11: Merck 11th Edition
M29: Martindale's 29th
MAB: Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.
MAR: Martindale's 28th
MES: Jim Duke's personal files
MPP: Jim Duke's personal files
NIG: Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.
NP6:1: Jim Duke's personal files
NR11:S120: Jim Duke's personal files
NR54:S71: Jim Duke's personal files
PAL:335: Jim Duke's personal files
PAM: Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).
PC27:969: Larson, R.A. 1987. Review Article Number 30. The Antioxidants of Higher Plants. Phytochemistry. 27: 969-978.
PC27:972: Jim Duke's personal files
PC27:973: Jim Duke's personal files
PC27:974: Jim Duke's personal files
PC27:976: Jim Duke's personal files
PC36:579: Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.
PCF: Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.
PCF:18: Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.
PCF:19: Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.
PCF:221: Jim Duke's personal files
PCF:25: McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.
PCF:44: Jim Duke's personal files
PCF:65: Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 65.
PCF:69: Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.
PHZ46:156: Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.
PIL: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(1):169: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(1):171: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):260: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):264: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(2):270: Jim Duke's personal files
PJB1(3):232: Jim Duke's personal files
PM56(1):41: Ekeke, G.I. and Shode, F.O. 1988. Phenylalanine is the Predominant Antisickling Agent in Cajanus cajan Seed Extract. Planta Medica 56(1): 41, 1990.
PM56:173: Jim Duke's personal files
PM57:A13: Jim Duke's personal files
PM57:A54: Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.
PM61:510: Jim Duke's personal files
PM61:9: Recio, M., et al. 1994. Investigations on the Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Triterpenoids from Diospyros leucomelas*. Planta Medica, 61: 9.
PM64:153: Jim Duke's personal files
PM69:1125: Jim Duke's personal files
PM69:820: Jim Duke's personal files
PMID10616967: Jim Duke's personal files
PMP23:193: Kumar, P., Dixit*, V.P., and Khanna, P. Antifertility Studies of Kaempferol: Isolation and Identification from Tissue Culture of some Medicinally Important Plant Species. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 23: 193-201, 1989.
PMP23:49: Jim Duke's personal files
PMP23:51: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:153: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:270: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:302: Jim Duke's personal files
POP:58: Jim Duke's personal files
PPL7:187: Jim Duke's personal files
PR13:102: Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. Phytotherapy Research, 13(2): 102-105.
PR14:303: Jim Duke's personal files
PR14:561: Jim Duke's personal files
PR4:73: Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.
RAF: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG122: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG17: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG27: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG29: Jim Duke's personal files
RWG:17: Jim Duke's personal files
SCI181:81: Jim Duke's personal files
SKN43:99: Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.
SN146:421: Science News, 146: 421.
SN160:282: Jim Duke's personal files
SYN-X: Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95
TE2: Jim Duke's personal files
TIH14:223: Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14: 223-237.
V&D: Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.
WAF: Jim Duke's personal files
WER: Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.
WIC: Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.
X10404425: Jim Duke's personal files
X10506109: Jim Duke's personal files
X10673981: Jim Duke's personal files
X10813558: Jim Duke's personal files
X10830511: Jim Duke's personal files
X10879476: Jim Duke's personal files
X10923837: Jim Duke's personal files
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X11199135: Jim Duke's personal files
X11413687: Jim Duke's personal files
X11714299: Jim Duke's personal files
X12033503: Jim Duke's personal files
X12090773: Jim Duke's personal files
X12120812: Jim Duke's personal files
X12350076: Jim Duke's personal files
X12802204: Jim Duke's personal files
X15322261: Jim Duke's personal files
X15712986: Jim Duke's personal files
X15796587: Jim Duke's personal files
X15832817: Jim Duke's personal files
X16277432: Jim Duke's personal files
X1637346: Jim Duke's personal files
X18095647: Jim Duke's personal files
X579998: Jim Duke's personal files
X634178: Jim Duke's personal files
X6654625: Jim Duke's personal files
X9025787: Jim Duke's personal files
YAK122:487: Jim Duke's personal files
YHH25:412: Xu, L. N., Yu, W. G., Tian, J. Y., Liu, Q. Y. 1990. Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 25(6): 412-416.
YHH30:621: Huang, C., Tunon, H., Bohlin, L. 1995. Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Isolated from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 30(8): 621-626.
ZEB: Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.
ZUL: Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg. 450 pp.
ppm = parts per million
tr = trace
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