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Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) -- Comfrey

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Chemicals

ALLANTOIN Leaf 13,000 ppm; Root 6,000 - 8,000 ppm

Antidandruff; Antiinflammatory; Antioxidant; Antipeptic 30-130 mg/man/day; Antipsoriac 2%; Antiradicular; Antiulcer; Immunostimulant; Keratolytic; Sunscreen 0.1%; Suppurative; Vulnerary

ALUMINUM Root 237 ppm;

Antisilicotic; Antivaginitic; Candidicide; Encephalopathic; Pesticide

ASCORBIC-ACID Root 132 ppm;

Acidulant FEMA 6,000; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Analgesic 5-10 g/day; Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; AntiAGE 2,000 mg/day; Antiaggregant; Antiaging 400 mg/day; Antiallergic; Antialzheimeran 2,000-6,000 mg/day; Antiarthritic 0.2-1 g/day; Antiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticataract 1 g 3x/day 350 mg/day 400 mg/day; Anticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/day; AntiCFS 500-1,000 mg; Anticlimacteric 500-5,000 mg/day; Anticold 1-2 g/man/day; AntiCrohn's 50-100 mg/day/orl/man; AntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/day; Antidecubitic 500 mg/man/2x/day; Antidementia; Antidepressant 2,000 mg/day; Antidiabetic; Antidote (Aluminum); Antidote (Cadmium); Antidote (Lead); Antidote (Paraquat); Antieczemic 3.5-5 g/day; Antiedemic 1 g/man/day; Antiencephalitic; Antiendometriotic 2,000 mg/day; Antifatigue 500-1,000 mg; Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mg; Antigallstone 1,000-3,000 mg/day; Antigastritic; Antigingivitic; Antiglaucomic 2 g/day; Antihangover 1,000 mg; Antihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day; Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 1-5 g/day; Antihistaminic 2 g/day orl man; Antihypertensive; Antiinfertility 1 g/day; Antiinflammatory; Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day; Antilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/day; AntiLyme 500-2,000 mg; Antimaculitic; Antimeasles; Antimenopausal 500-5,000 mg/day; Antimigraine; Antimutagenic; Antineuramidase; Antinitrosic 1 g/man/day; Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day; Antiorchitic; Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day; Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/day; Antioxidant 100 ppm; Antiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/day; Antiparotitic; Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day; Antipneumonic; Antipodriac; Antipoliomyelitic; Antipyretic; Antiradicular; AntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/day; Antiretinotic; Antirheumatic; Antirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/day; Antiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day; Antiseptic 4-8 g/day MIC=3.3-217 mg/ml; Antishingles; Antispasmodic 500-5,000 mg/day; Antistress 500-1,000 mg; Antisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day; Antitumor (Gastric); Antitumor (Lung); Antiulcer; Antiviral 1-5 g/day; Apoptotic 1-10 mM; Asthma-preventive 1,000 mg/day/orl; Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor 1.5 g/day/man; Calcium-Antagonist; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Cold-preventive 1-2 g/day; Collagenic; Detoxicant; Diuretic 700 mg/man/orl; Fistula-Preventive; Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive 1,000 mg/man/day; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Interferonogenic; Lithogenic; Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day; Pesticide; Uricosuric 4 g/man/day; Urinary-Acidulant; Vasodilator; Vulnerary

ASH Root 140,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

ASPARAGINE Root 10,000 - 30,000 ppm

Antisickling; Diuretic

BETA-CAROTENE Root 660 ppm;

Allergenic; Androgenic?; Antiacne; Antiaging; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Anticancer; Anticarcinomic; Anticervicaldysplasic; Anticoronary 50 mg/man/2 days; Antihyperkeratotic; Antiichythyotic; Antileukoplakic; Antilipoperoxidant IC71=50 ug/ml; Antilupus 150 mg/man/day/2 mos; Antimaculitic; Antimastitic; Antimutagenic; Antioxidant; Antiozenic; Antipapillomic; Antiphotophobic 30-300 mg/man/day; Antipityriasic; AntiPMS; Antiporphyric; Antiproliferant; Antipsoriac; Antiradicular; Antirheumatic; Antistress; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast) IC45=60 ug/ml; Antitumor (CNS) IC43=45 ug/ml; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Lung) IC30=60 ug/ml; Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach) IC26=45 ug/ml; Antiulcer 12 mg 3x/day/man/orl 15,000-25,000 IU/day; Antixerophthalmic; Cancer-Preventive 22 ppm; Chemopreventive; Colorant; COX-1-Inhibitor IC78=50 ug/ml; COX-2-Inhibitor IC82=50 ug/ml; Gastroprotective; Immunostimulant 180 mg/man/day/orl; Interferon-Synergist; Mucogenic; Phagocytotic; Prooxidant 20 ug/g; Thymoprotective; Ubiquiot

BORNESITOL Root:

No activity reported.

CAFFEIC-ACID Root:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity); Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiadenoviral; Antiaggregant; Antiaging; Antiatherogenic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticarcinogenic; Antidepressant; Antiedemic; Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) IC50=93 um/l; Antiescherichic; Antiflu; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic 25 uM; Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=>50 ug/ml; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella; Antileukemic; Antileukotriene; Antimelanogenic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antiophidic; Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E 1/2 BHA 1/3 quercetin 30 mM 50 uM IC57=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml IC50=44 uM IC85=100 ug/ml; Antiproliferant; Antiprostaglandin; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin 10 uM 30 mM IC50=32-35 uM; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM; Antistaphylococcic; Antistomatitic; Antisunburn; Antithiamin; Antithyroid; Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM; Antiulcerogenic; Antivaccinia; Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic 2% (diet); Chemopreventive; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Clastogenic; CNS-Active; Co-carcinogenic; Collagen-Sparing; COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM; Cytoprotective; Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml; Diuretic; DNA-Active; DNA-Protective; Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol); Hepatoprotective; Hepatotropic; Histamine-Inhibitor; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Leukotriene-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM IC50=62-148 uM; Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM; Metal-Chelator; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Prooxidant; Prostaglandigenic; Sedative 500 mg; Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l IC91=5 mg/l IC98=25 mg/l; Tumorigenic; Vulnerary; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM

CALCIUM Root 11,300 ppm;

Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety; Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg; Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day; Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day; Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day; Antidepressant; Antidote (Aluminum); Antidote (Lead); Antihyperkinetic; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac; Antimenopausal; Antiobesity; Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day; AntiPMS 1 g/day; Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day; Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day; Antitic; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Channel-Blocker; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day; Hypotensive 1 g/day; Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg; Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day; Vasodilator

CARBOHYDRATES Root 759,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

CAROTENES Plant 6,300 ppm;

No activity reported.

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Root:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=1.8 uM rat (strong activity); Allelochemic; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Colon); Anticancer (Forestomach); Anticancer (Liver); Anticancer (Skin); Anticarcinogenic; Antidiabetic; AntiEBV; Antifeedant; Antigenotoxic; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic 10 uM; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV; Antihypercholesterolemic; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella; Antileukotriene; Antimelanogenic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant IC50=54.2 uM IC53=200 ppm IC80=12 uM; Antiperoxidant IC50=36 uM; Antipolio; Antiradicular 10 uM 9 x quercetin; Antiseptic; Antisunburn; Antithyroid; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Forestomach); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10 uM; Antiulcer; Antiviral; Autotoxic; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Chemopreventive; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Clastogenic; CNS-Active; CNS-Stimulant 1/6 Caffeine; Collagen-Sparing; Diuretic; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Histamine-Inhibitor; Hypoglycemic; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Interferonogenic; Juvabional; Larvistat; Leukotriene-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5 mM; Metal-Chelator; NO-Genic; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Oviposition-Stimulant; Pesticide; Sunscreen; Sweetener; Vulnerary

CHOLINE Root:

Antialzheimeran 5-16 g/man/day; Antichoreic; Anticirrhotic 6,000 mg/man/day; Anticystinuric; Antidementia; Antidiabetic; Antidyskinetic 150-200 mg/kg/man/day; Antihomocysteine; Antimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl; Antinociceptive; Antisteatotic; Cardiodepressant; Cerebrotonic; Cholinergic; Hepatoprotective; Hypotensive; Ileorelaxant; Lipotropic; Memorigenic; Parasympathomimetic (1/1,000th acetylcholine)

CHROMIUM Root 8 ppm;

Amphiglycemic?; Antiacne; AntiAGE 200-1,000 ug; Antiaging; Antiatherosclerotic 20 ug/day; AntiCFS 200 ug; Anticorneotic; Antidiabetic 200-1,000 ug; Antidote (Lead); Antifatigue 200 ug; Antiglycosuric 200-1,000 ug; Antiobesity; Antisyndrome-X 200-800 ug; Antitriglyceride 20 ug/day 200-1,000 ug; Cardioprotective; Energizer; Hypocholesterolemic 20 ug/day 200-1,000 ug; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive; Immunomodulator; Insulinogenic; Memorigenic

COBALT Root 129 ppm;

Cardiomyopathogenic; Erythrocytogenic

CONSOLICINE Root:

CNS-Paralytic; Curaroid; Myoparalytic

CONSOLIDINE Root 17 ppm;

CNS-Depressant; CNS-Paralytic; Curaroid; Myoparalytic

D-MANNOSE Root:

No activity reported.

ECHIMIDINE Root:

Controlled; Hepatotoxic; Mutagenic

ECHINATINE Root:

No activity reported.

FAT Root 17,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

FIBER Root 72,000 ppm;

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; Antidiabetic; Antihypertensive; Antiobesity; Antitumor; Antiulcer; Beta-Blocker; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic; Hypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl; Hypouricemic; Laxative; Vasodilator

FRUCTOSE Root:

Antialcoholic; Antidiabetic; Antihangover; Antiketotic; Antinauseant; Laxative; Neoplastic; Sweetener 2 x glucose

GABA Root:

Analeptic; Anticephalagic; Anticerebrotic; Antichoreic 1-32 g/man/day; Anticonvulsant 4,120 mg/kg ipr mus; Antihypertensive 1,000-4,000 mg/man/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilethargic; Antistress; Antitinnitic; Anxiolytic; Cardiovascular 208 ivn dog; CNS-Inhibitor 0.1 mg/kg ivn cat 100 mg/kg ivn dog 2,500 mg/kg scu mus; Diuretic 1,500-4,000 mg/man/day; Hypotensive 1,000-4,000 mg/day; Neuroinhibitor; Neurotoxic (to birds); Neurotransmitter; Sedative; Tranquilizer

GLUCOSE Root:

Acetylcholinergic; Antiedemic; Antihepatotoxic; Antiketotic; Antivaricose; Hyperglycemic; Memory-Enhancer

GLUCURONIC-ACID Root:

Antidote (Camphor); Antidote (Morphine); Antihepatotoxic; Detoxicant

GUM Root 50,000 - 100,000 ppm

No activity reported.

HELIOSUPINE-N-OXIDE Root:

No activity reported.

HYPOXANTHINE Root:

No activity reported.

IRON Root 810 ppm;

Antiakathisic; Antianemic; Anticanker; Anticheilitic; Antimenorrhagic 100 mg/day/wmn/orl; Prooxidant

ISOBANERENOL Root:

No activity reported.

KILOCALORIES Root 2,170 /kg;

No activity reported.

L-ARABINOSE Root:

No activity reported.

L-RHAMNOSE Root:

No activity reported.

LASIOCARPINE Root:

Antitumor; Carcinogenic; Hepatotoxic

LITHOSPERMIC-ACID Root:

Antigonadotrophic; Antithyroid; Cardiotonic

LYCOPSAMINE Root:

Hepatotoxic

MAGNESIUM Root 1,700 ppm;

Antiaggregant 400 mg/day; Antialcoholic; Antianginal; Antianorectic; Antianxiety; Antiarrhythmic; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticephalagic; AntiCFS; Anticlimacteric 500-750 mg/day; Anticonvulsant; Anticoronary 400 mg/day; Antidepressant; Antidiabetic 400-800 mg/man/day; Antidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4 x/day; Antiendometriotic 500 mg/day; Antienterotic; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antifatigue; Antifibromyalgic 200-300 mg 3x/day; Antigastrotic; Antiglaucomic; Antihyperkinetic; Antihypertensive; Antihypoglycemic; Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4 x/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilithic; AntiLyme 400-1,000 mg; Antimastalgic; Antimenopausal 500-750 mg/day; Antimigraine 200 mg/day/man; Antimitral-valve-prolapse; AntiMS; Antinephrolytic; Antineurotic; Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000 mg/day/wmn/orl; Antiplaque 500-1,000 mg/day; AntiPMS 400-800 mg/day/wmn orl 400-800 mg/day/wmn/orl; AntiRaynaud's 280-350 mg/day; Antiretinopathic 400 mg/day; Antispasmodic; Antispasmophilic 500 mg/day; Antistress 500-750 mg/day; Antistroke 400 mg/day; Antisyndrome-X 400 mg/man/day; Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/day; Calcium-Antagonist; Cardioprotective; CNS-Depressant; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic 400 mg/day; Hypotensive 260-500 mg/day; Immunomodulator; Insulinogenic 400 mg/day; Laxative 300-500 mg/day; Litholytic; Myorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day; Neurotransmitter; Tranquilizer 500-750 mg/day; Uterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day; Vasodilator

MANGANESE Root 67 ppm;

Antialcoholic; Antianemic; Antiarthritic; Antidiabetic 10-30 mg/man/day 3-5 mg/day; Antidiscotic; Antidyskinetic; Antiepileptic 450 mg/day; Antiosteoporotic; Antiototic; Antioxidant; AntiPMS; Antisyndrome-X 10-30 mg/man/day; Hypoglycemic

MUCILAGE Root 290,000 ppm;

Cancer-Preventive; Demulcent; Hypocholesterolemic

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES Root 250,000 - 300,000 ppm

Immunostimulant

NIACIN Root:

Allergenic; Antiacrodynic; Antiallergic 50 mg/2x/day; Antialzheimeran; Antiamblyopic; Antianginal; Anticataract; Antichilblain; Anticonvulsant 3 g/day; Antidementia; Antidermatitic; Antidiabetic; Antidysphagic; Antiepileptic; Antihangover 50 mg; Antihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day; Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day; Antiinsomnic 1 g/day; AntiLyme 50 mg/day; AntiMeniere's; Antineuralgic; Antiparkinsonian 100 mg/day; Antipellagric; AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000 mg/day; Antiscotomic; Antispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day; Antivertigo; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective; Circulotonic; Fibrinolytic; Hepatoprotective; Hepatotoxic; Hypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg 3x/day; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic; Sedative; Serotoninergic; Vasodilator

OCTADECATETRAENIC-ACID Seed:

No activity reported.

PHOSPHORUS Root 2,111 ppm;

Antiosteoporotic; Anxiolytic; Immunostimulant; Osteogenic

POTASSIUM Root 15,900 ppm;

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; Antiarrhythmic; Antidepressant; Antifatigue; Antihypertensive; Antispasmodic; Antistroke; Anxiolytic; Beta-Blocker; Cardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mg; Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day; Diuretic; Hypotensive; Vasodilator

PROTEIN Root 94,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

PYROCATECHINS Root 24,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

REDUCING-SUGARS Root 51,500 ppm;

No activity reported.

RESIN Root:

No activity reported.

RIBOFLAVIN Root 7.2 ppm;

Antiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl; Anticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day; Anticataract 15 mg/day; Anticephalagic; Anticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/day; Anticheilitic; Antidecubitic; Antiglossitic; Antikeratitic; AntiLyme 50 mg/day; Antimigraine; Antioxidant; Antipellagric; Antiphotophobic; Cancer-Preventive

ROSMARINIC-ACID Leaf 5,000 ppm;

ABeta-Inhibitor; Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiaggregant; Antiallergic; Antialzheimeran; Antianaphylactic 1-100 mg/kg orl ID50=1 mg/kg ivn rat ID50=10 mg/kg ims rat; Antiatherosclerotic IC50=0.74 uM; Antibacterial; Anticoagulant; Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin 20 mg/kg ivn; Antidepressant; Antiedemic 0.316-3.16 mg/kg ims; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic IC70=5-10 um/l; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=20 ug/ml; AntiHIV EC50=40 ug/ml; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory IC~58=1,000 uM; Antiintegrase 10 ug/ml; Antileukotriene; Antilipoperoxidant; Antimutagenic; Antinephritic; Antioxidant 10 uM EC50=2.7 ug/ml; Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=0.74 uM; Antiplaque; Antiproliferant; Antiprostaglandin 20 mg/kg ivn; Antiproteolytic IC50=0.9 mol l; Antipulmonotic; Antiradicular; Antishock; Antithyreotropic; Antithyroid; Antiuremic; Antiviral EC50=40 ug/ml; Anxiolytic; Apoptotic; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; COX-1-Inhibitor IC58=1,000 uM; COX-2-Inhibitor IC>58=1,000 uM; Cytotoxic TC50=100-150 ug/ml; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; Neuroprotective; Pesticide; Radioprotective

SELENIUM Root:

Analgesic 200 ug/day; Anorexic; Antiacne; Antiaggregant; Antiangiogenic 2 uM 230 ug/kg orl rat; Antiarthritic; Antiasthmatic; Antiatherosclerotic; Anticataract 400 ug/day; Anticirrhotic; Anticlimacteric 200 ug/day; Anticoronary; Antidandruff; Antidepressant; Antidote (Mercury); Antifibrotic 400 ug; Antigout 200 ug; AntiHIV; Antikeshan; Antileukemic 1.6 mg/kg ipr mus; Antileukotriene; Antimaculitic; Antimelanomic 480 ug/kg; Antimenopausal 200 ug/day; Antimetastatic 480 ug/kg; Antimyalgic 200 ug/day; AntiNF-kB; Antiosteoarthritic; Antioxidant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; Antiparkinsonian 200-400 ug/day; Antiproliferant 2 uM; Antiradicular 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; Antirheumatic; Antisyndrome-X; Antitumor; Antitumor (brain) 38-150 ug/kg; Antitumor (Breast) 0.8 mg/kg scu mus 150 ug/kg diet rat 230 ug/kg orl rat 333.6 ug/day; Antitumor (Lung) 240 ug/kg diet; Antitumor (Prostate); Antiulcerogenic; Anxiolytic; AP-1-Inhibitor 2-50 uM; Apoptotic; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective 200 ug/day; Depressant; Fungicide; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant 100-200 (-400) ug/man/day; NF-kB-Inhibitor; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor; Prostaglandin-Sparer; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=2-50 uM; VEGF-Inhibitor

SILICIC-ACID Leaf 40,000 ppm; Root:

Antidiabetic?

SILICON Root 35 ppm;

Antiarteriosclerotic; Antionychyotic; Antiosteoporotic; Cardioprotective

SITOSTEROL Root:

No activity reported.

SODIUM Root 3,510 ppm;

Hypertensive

STIGMASTEROL Root:

Antihepatotoxic; Antiinflammatory; Antinociceptive; Antiophidic 2.3 mg ipr mus; Antioxidant IC33=10 uM; Antiviral; Artemicide LC50=110 ppm; Cancer-Preventive; Estrogenic; Hypocholesterolemic; Ovulant; Sedative

SUCROSE Root:

Aggregant; Antihiccup 1 tsp; Antiophthalmic; Antioxidant; Atherogenic; Collyrium; Demulcent; Flatugenic; Hypercholesterolemic; Preservative; Sweetener 1 x sucrose; Triglycerigenic; Uricogenic; Vulnerary

SYMLANDINE Plant:

No activity reported.

SYMPHYTINE Root:

Hepatotoxic

SYMPHYTOCYNOGLOSSIN Root 21 ppm;

No activity reported.

TANNIN Plant 80,000 - 90,000 ppm

Anthelmintic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticariogenic; Antidiarrheic; Antidysenteric; Antihepatotoxic; AntiHIV; Antihypertensive; Antilipolytic; Antimutagenic; Antinephritic; Antiophidic; Antioxidant 1/3 quercetin IC50=1.44 ug/ml; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin 500 mg/kg/day orl mus; Antirenitic; Antitumor; Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Chelator; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor; Hepatoprotective; Immunosuppressant; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; MAO-Inhibitor; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Psychotropic; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor

THIAMIN Root 1.2 ppm;

Analgesic 1-4 g/day; Antialcoholic 50-100 mg/day; Antialzheimeran 100-3,000 mg/day; Antianorectic; Antibackache 1-4 g/day; Antiberiberi; Anticanker; Anticardiospasmic; Anticataract; Anticolitic; Antidecubitic; Antideliriant; Antidementia; Antidyspeptic; Antiencephalopathic; Antifatigue; Antigastritic; Antihangover 50 mg; Antiheartburn; Antiherpetic; AntiLyme; Antimigraine; Antimyocarditic; Antineuralgic 1-4 g/day; Antineurasthenic; Antineuritic; Antineuropathic 50 mg; Antipoliomyelitic; Insectifuge 75-150 mg/man/day; Neuroprotective; Pesticide

TIN Root 6.7 ppm;

Antiacne; Antibacterial; Pesticide; Taenicide

VIRIDIFLORINE Plant:

No activity reported.

WATER Root 862,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

XYLOSE Root:

Antidiabetic; Diagnostic; Dye

ZINC Root 2.8 ppm;

ACE-Inhibitor; Analgesic; Antiacne 135 mg/day; Antiacrodermatitic 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd; Antialcoholic; Antialopecic; Antialzheimeran 50 mg/day; Antiangiogenic; Antianorexic; Antiarthritic 50 mg/3x/day/orl/man; AntiBPH 25-60 mg/day; Anticanker 100 mg/day; Anticataract 30 mg/day; Anticoeliac; Anticold 50 mg; Anticolitic; Anticoronary 30 mg/day; AntiCrohn's; Antidandruff; Antidementia; Antidiabetic; Antidote (Cadmium); Antidysgeuzic; Antieczemic 150 mg/day; Antiencephalopathic; Antiepileptic 100 mg/day; Antifibrotic 30 mg; Antifuruncular 45 mg/3x/day/man; Antihangover 15 mg; Antiherpetic? 25-60 mg/day; AntiHIV; Antiimpotence; Antiinfective 50 mg/day; Antiinfertility 60 mg/day; Antiinsomniac; Antilepric; Antileukonychic; Antilymphomic; Antimaculitic; Antimetastatic; Antineuropathic; Antinyctalopic; Antiobesity 30 mg/day; Antiosteoporotic; Antiperiodontitic; Antiplaque; Antiprolactin; Antiprostatitic 50 mg/man/day/orl; Antirheumatic; Antiseptic 50 mg/day; Antispare-Tire 30 mg/day; Antistomatitic 50 mg/man/3x/day; Antisyndrome-X 30 mg/day; Antitinnitic 60-120 mg/day; Antitriglyceride 30 mg/day; Antiulcer 50 mg/3x/day/man 88 mg/rat/day/15 days; Antiviral?; Astringent; Collagenic; Copper-Antagonist; Deodorant; Detoxicant (Alcohol); Ergogenic; Hypotensive 30 mg/day; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Immunosuppressant 300 mg/day/6 wks/orl/man; Insulinogenic 30 mg/day; Leptingenic 30-60 mg/man/day; Mucogenic; NF-kB-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Spermigenic 60 mg/day; Testosteronigenic; Trichomonicide; Vulnerary

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ppm = parts per million
tr = trace