Observations placeholder

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Pelargonium graveolens (L.) L'HER ex AIT. (Geraniaceae) -- Rose Geranium, Scented Geranium

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Chemicals

1,3-PENTADIENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

10-EPI-GAMMA-EUDESMOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

11-NORBOURBONANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

11-SELINEN-4-ALPHA-OL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-FURFURAL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-HEXANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-3-BUTEN-2-OL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-3-BUTENAL Plant:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-3-PENTANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-BUTANAL-TRANS-2-METHYL-3-BUTENAL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-BUTANOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYL-PROPANAL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYLBUTYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-METHYLOPROPYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-PENTANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

2-PROPANOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

3-HEXEN-1-OL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

3-METHYL-2-BUTANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

3-METHYL-BUTANOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

3-METHYL-CYCLO-PENTANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

3-METHYLBUTYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

6-OXO-6,7-DIHYDROCITRONELLIC-ACID Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

7-HYDROXY-6,7-DIHYDROGERANIOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

7-HYDROXYDIHYDROCITRONELLOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ACETALDEHYDE Essential Oil:

Addictive 8 ug/kg; Fungicide; Perfumery FEMA 4-25; Pesticide; Respiraparalytic; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=43 ug/ml

ACETIC-ACID Essential Oil:

Acidulant; Antibacterial 5,000 ppm; Antiotitic; Antisalmonella; Antivaginitic 1-2%; Expectorant; Fungicide; Keratitigenic; Mucolytic; Osteolytic; Perfumery FEMA 6,000-40,000 ppm; Pesticide; Protisticide; Spermicide; Ulcerogenic; Verrucolytic

ACETONE Essential Oil:

Allergenic; CNS-Depressant; Narcotic

ALCOHOLS Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-BOURBONENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-CALACORENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-MUUROLENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Essential Oil:

Antibacterial; Antistaphylococcic; Dermal; Emetic; FLavor FEMA 10-130; Fungicide; Insectiphile; Irritant; Laxative; Perfumery; Pesticide

ALPHA-PINENE Essential Oil 1 - 3 ppm

Allelochemic; Allergenic; Antiacne; Antibacterial; Antifeedant; Antiflu; Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg; Antipneumonic; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive; Coleoptophile; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 15-150; Herbicide IC50=30 uM; Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly; Insectifuge 50 ppm; Insectiphile; Irritant; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Spasmogenic; Tranquilizer; Transdermal

ALPHA-SANTALENE Plant:

No activity reported.

ALPHA-TERPINEOL Essential Oil 4 - 22 ppm

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity); Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml; Allelopathic; Antiacne; Antibacterial MIC=800-1,600 ug/ml; Anticancer; Anticariogenic; Antiinflammatory; Antiproliferant; Antiseptic; Cicatrizant ED50=240 ug/g mus; FLavor FEMA 5-40; Insecticide 1.29 uM/fly; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; Mosquitofuge > Deet; Motor-Depressant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Termiticide IC100=5 mg/g; Transdermal; Vulnerary ED50=240 ug/g mus

AR-CURCUMENE Essential Oil:

Antirhinoviral IC50=1,750?; Antiulcer IC45=100 mg/kg; Antiviral IC50=1,750?

BETA-BISABOLENE Essential Oil:

Abortifacient; Antirhinoviral IC50=1,800?; Antiulcer IC57=100 mg/kg; Antiviral IC50=1,800?; Perfumery; Stomachic

BETA-BOURBONENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

BETA-ELEMENE Essential Oil:

Anticancer (Cervix); Antigliomic; Antiproliferant; Antitumor (Cervix); Apoptotic

BETA-PHELLANDRENE Essential Oil:

Expectorant; Fungicide; Perfumery

BETA-PINENE Essential Oil:

Allergenic; Antiinflammatory; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Candidicide; FLavor FEMA 15-600; Herbicide; Insectifuge; Irritant; Perfumery; Pesticide; Spasmogenic; Transdermal

BOIS-DE-ROSE-OXIDE Essential Oil 1 - 2 ppm

No activity reported.

BORNEOL Essential Oil:

(-)-Chronotropic 29 ug/ml; (-)-Inotropic; Allelochemic; Analgesic; Antiacetylcholine; Antibacterial MIC=125-250 ug/ml; Antibronchitic; Antiescherichic MIC=125 ug/ml; Antifeedant; Antiinflammatory; Antiotitic; Antipyretic; Antisalmonella; Antispasmodic ED50=0.008 mg/ml; Antistaphylococcic MIC=250 ug/ml; Antiyeast; Candidicide; Choleretic; CNS-Stimulant; CNS-Toxic; FLavor FEMA<1; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Herbicide IC50=470 mM IC50=470 uM; Inhalant; Insect-Repellent; Insectifuge; Irritant; Myorelaxant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Tranquilizer

BUTANAL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

BUTANE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

BUTANOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

CALAMENENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

CAPRYLIC-ACID Essential Oil:

Antiseptic; Candidicide 300 mg/man/12 x/day; Fungicide; Irritant; Pesticide

CARYOPHYLLENE Essential Oil:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiacne; Antiasthmatic; Antibacterial; Anticariogenic MIC=>1,600 ug/ml; Antidermatitic; Antiedemic; Antifeedant 500 ppm; Antiinflammatory IC50=100 uM; Antileishmanic; Antionychyotic; Antiproliferant; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antistreptococcic; Antitumor; Antiulcer; Candidicide; FLavor FEMA 20-200; Fungicide; Gastroprotective; Insectifuge; Irritant; Larvicide; Mosquitocide; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Termitifuge

CIS-3-HEXENOL Essential Oil 1 ppm;

FLavor FEMA 1-5

CIS-DEHYDROCITRONELLOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

CIS-ROSE-OXIDE Essential Oil 1 - 2 ppm

No activity reported.

CITRAL Essential Oil:

Allergenic; Antiallergenic; Antiallergic; Antianaphylactic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antihelicobacter; Antiherpetic; Antihistaminic; Antiinflammatory; Antileishmanic; Antioxidant; Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol; Antishock; Antispasmodic; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antiulcer; Antiviral; Apoptotic; Barbituate-Synergist; Bronchorelaxant; Calcium-Antagonist; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Caspase-3-Inducer; Chemopreventive; Cytotoxic; Estrogenic; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 4-170; Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml; Glaucomagenic; Glutathionigenic; Herbicide IC50=115 uM; Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg; Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml MLC=100-260 ug/ml; NF-kB-Inhibitor; NO-Inhibitor; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide; Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms; Sedative 1 mg/kg ED 1-32 mg/kg; Teratogenic; Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml; Trypanocide; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM ID50=1.5 mM

CITRONELLAL Essential Oil:

Acaricide; Allergenic; Antibacterial; Antiseptic 3.8 x phenol; Antistaphylococcic; Antistreptococcic; Candidicide; Embryotoxic; FLavor FEMA <1; Fungicide; Insectifuge; Irritant; Motor-Depressant; Mutagenic?; Nematicide MIC 1 mg/ml; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.56 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative ED=1 mg/kg; Teratogenic

CITRONELLOL Plant 21 - 1,176 ppm

Allergenic; Antibacterial; Antiseptic; Antistaphylococcic; Antistreptococcic; Candidicide; FLavor FEMA 1-50; Fungicide; Herbicide IC50=160 uM; Irritant; Nematicide MLC=100 ug/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml

CITRONELLYL-ACETATE Essential Oil:

FLavor FEMA <1-700; Irritant

CITRONELLYL-FORMATE Essential Oil 1 - 2 ppm

FLavor FEMA 4-100

CITRONELLYLDIETHYLAMINE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

COPAENE Essential Oil:

Carminative

DECYL-ALDEHYDE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

DELTA-CADINENE Essential Oil:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiacne; Antibacterial MIC800 ug/ml; Anticariogenic; Antistreptococcic; Cytochrome-P450-Inducer; P450-Inducer; Pesticide; Testosterone-Inducer

DIMETHYL-SULFIDE Plant:

FLavor FEMA 0.1-2; Irritant

EO Plant 800 - 4,000 ppm

No activity reported.

EPOXYLINALOL Essential Oil 1 - 4 ppm

No activity reported.

ESTERS Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ETHANOL Essential Oil:

Allergenic; Anesthetic 4,000 orl cat 6,000 orl rat; Anhydrotic; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial; Antipruritic; Antiseptic; CNS-Depressant; Expectorant; Hepatotoxic; Hypertensive >1 drink/day; Hypnotic Antidote=Naloxone; Hypocalcemic 4,000 orl rat; Hypotensive 1 drink/day; Mucotropic; Neurolytic; Pesticide; Rubefacient; Sclerosant; Surfactant; Teratogenic 6,000 orl dog; Tremorilytic; Ulcerogenic 5 ml/kg (50%) orl rat

EUGENOL Essential Oil:

Acaricide LD50=5.47 ug/sq cm cf DEET at 37.59 ug/sq cm; Allergenic; Analgesic; Anesthetic 200-400; Antiaggregant IC50=0.3 uM; Antiarachidonate; Antibacterial 500 ppm MBC=400 ug/ml; Anticonvulsant; Antiedemic 100; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant; Antigenotoxic 50-500 mg/kg orl mus; Antiherpetic IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml; Antiinflammatory (11 uM) IC~97=1,000 uM; Antikeratotic IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml; Antimitotic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosating; Antioxidant 10 uM IC65=30 ppm; Antiprostaglandin 11 uM IC50=9.2 mM; Antipyretic 3 ml/man/day; Antiradicular EC50=2 ul/l; Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml; Antiseptic 3 ml/man/day 400 ug/ml; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antithromboxane; AntiTNF; Antitumor; Antiulcer; Antiviral IC50=16.2-25.6 ug/ml; Apifuge; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=200 uM gpg IC50=224 uM; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Carcinogenic?; Carminative; Choleretic; CNS-Depressant; COX-1-Inhibitor IC97=1,000 uM; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=129 uM IC>97=1,000 uM; Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor; Cytotoxic 25 ug/ml; Dermatitigenic; Enterorelaxant; FLavor FEMA 10-500; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective 100 ppm; Herbicide; Insecticide; Insectifuge; Irritant; Juvabional; Larvicide; Motor-Depressant; Nematicide MLC=2,000 ug/ml; Neurotoxic; Perfumery; Pesticide; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 1 mM rbt IC50=9.2 uM; Sedative; Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g; Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml; Trichomonistat IC50=10 ug/ml; Trypsin-Enhancer; Ulcerogenic; Varroacide; Vasodilator; Vermifuge

FORMIC-ACID Essential Oil:

Acaricide; Antiseptic; Antisyncopic; Astringent; Corrosive; Counterirritant; FLavor FEMA 500-2,500; Fungistat; Fungitoxic; Irritant; Pesticide; Preservative; Toxic

FURAN Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

FURAPELAGONE-A Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

FURAPELAGONE-B Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

GAMMA-CADINENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

GAMMA-MUUROLENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

GERANIAL Essential Oil 2 - 12 ppm

Antiaflatoxin; Antibacterial; AntiEBV IC50=16 uM; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Skin); Antiviral; Antiyeast; Chemopreventive; Estrogenic; Fungicide; Glutathionigenic; Pesticide; Spasmolytic

GERANIOL Plant 2 - 1,400 ppm

Allergenic; Anthelmintic; Antibacterial MBC=800 ug/ml MIC=400 ug/ml MIC=64 ug/ml; Anticancer (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM; Anticariogenic MIC=400 ug/ml; Antimelanomic IC50=150 uM/l; Antisalmonella MIC=400 ug/ml; Antiseptic 400-800 ug/ml 7 x phenol MIC=64 ug/ml; Antispasmodic; Antitubercular; Antitumor; Antitumor (Pancreas) IC50=265 uM; Ascaricide; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; CNS-Stimulant; Embryotoxic; Emetic 3 x ipecac; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 1-10; Fungicide IC93=2 mM; Herbicide IC100-2,000 uM; Insectifuge 50 ppm; Insectiphile; Mycobactericide MIC=64 ug/ml; Nematicide IC86=100 ug/ml MLC=1,000 ug/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml

GERANYL-ACETATE Essential Oil:

Allergenic; FLavor FEMA 1-20; Insectiphile; Perfumery; Sedative

GERANYL-TIGLATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

GERMACRATRIENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

GUAIA-6,9-DIENE Plant:

No activity reported.

HEXYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

FLavor FEMA 10-50

HUMULENE Essential Oil:

Antimalarial IC50=86 ug/ml; Antiplasmodial

ISOAMYL-ALCOHOL Essential Oil:

Emetic; Irritant; Perfume

ISOMENTHONE Essential Oil 8 - 38 ppm

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.6 mM; Antioxidant; Antiradicular

ISOOCTANE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ISOPRENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ISOPROPYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

ISOPULEGOL Essential Oil:

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=2.0 mM; FLavor FEMA 5-30; Perfumery

JUNENOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

L-CITRONELLOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

LIMONENE Essential Oil 1 - 3 ppm

Acaricide LC100=8 uM; AChE-Inhibitor; Allelochemic; Allergenic 1/20th carene; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM; Antiadenomic; Antialzheimeran?; Antiasthmatic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antiesophagitic; Antifeedant; Antiflu; Antiinflammatory; Antilithic; Antilymphomic; Antimetastatic (Stomach); Antimutagenic; Antiobesity; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Pancreas); Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach); Antiviral; Apoptotic; Bronchoprotectant; Cancer-Preventive; Candidistat; Chemopreventive; Cholesterolytic; Detoxicant; Enterocontractant; Expectorant; FLavor; Fungiphilic; Fungistat; GST-Inducer; Herbicide IC50=45 uM; Histaminic; Immunomodulator; Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly; Insectifuge; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; Irritant; Lipolytic; Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg; Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml; NO-Genic; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet); Ozone-Scavenger; P450-Inducer; Peristaltic; Pesticide; Photosensitizer; Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg; Transdermal

LINALOL Plant 30 - 505 ppm

No activity reported.

MENTHOL Plant 2 - 1,852 ppm

Allergenic; Analgesic; Anesthetic 2,000 ppm; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=2.0 mM; Antiaggregant IC50=750; Antiallergic; Antiasthmatic; Antibacillus MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antibacterial MIC=0.625-2.5; Antibronchitic; Antidandruff; Antiescherichic MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antihalitosic; Antihistaminic; Antiinflammatory; Antilisteria MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Antineuralgic; Antiodontalgic; Antipruritic; Antipyretic; Antirheumatic; Antisalmonella; Antiseptic 4 x phenol; Antisinusitic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.01 mg/ml; Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Antistreptococcic MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Antitartar; Antivaginitic; Antivulvitic; Bradycardic 65 mg/3 x day/woman; Bronchomucolytic; Bronchomucotropic; Bronchorrheic; Calcium-Antagonist; Candidicide MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Carminative; Choleretic; Ciliotoxic; CNS-Depressant; CNS-Stimulant; Congestant; Convulsant; Counterirritant; Decongestant? 11 mg/man; Dermatitigenic; Diaphoretic; Enterorelaxant; Expectorant; Gastrosedative; Irritant; Myorelaxant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Neurodepressant; Neuropathogenic 40-100 mg/day/rat; Nociceptive; Perfumery; Pesticide; Refrigerant; Rubefacient; Termiticide; Transdermal; Vibriocide

MENTHONE Essential Oil 8 - 38 ppm

Acaricide; Allelopathic; Analgesic; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4 mM; Antiaggregant IC50=750; Antiallergic; Antibacillary MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antibacterial MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml; Antiescherichic MIC=5 mg/ml; Antihistaminic; Antilisteria MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antisalmonella MIC=5 mg/ml; Antiseptic 2.25 x phenol; Antispasmodic ED50=0.044 mg/ml; Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide MIC=2.5 mg/ml; Cerebrotoxic orl man; Culicide LC50=156-194 mg/l; FLavor FEMA 5-50; Fungicide; Insecticide LC50=156-194 mg/l; Larvicide; Mutagenic; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Psychoactive; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=600 ug/ml

METHANOL Essential Oil:

Antidote =Sodium-bicarbonate; AntiHIV EC50=<20 ug/ml

METHYL-BUTYRATE Essential Oil:

FLavor FEMA 20-100; Perfumery

METHYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

METHYL-HEPTENONE Essential Oil 2 - 9 ppm

No activity reported.

METHYL-HEXYL-CARBINEOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

METHYL-PENTANOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

MYRCENE Essential Oil 1 - 2 ppm

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Allergenic; Analgesic; Antibacterial; Anticonvulsant; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antinociceptive 10-20 mg/kg ipr mus 20-40 mg/kg scu mus; Antioxidant; Antispasmodic; Chemopreventive; FLavor FEMA 0.5-9; Fungicide; Hypothermic; Insectifuge; Irritant; Myorelaxant 100-200 mg/kg; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.14 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide

NEOISOMENTHOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

NERAL Essential Oil 2 - 12 ppm

Antibacterial; Antispasmodic; Pesticide; Termiticide LD100=5 mg/g

P-CYMENE Essential Oil 1 - 2 ppm

Analgesic; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC40=1.2 mM; Antibacillary; Antibacterial; Antiflu; Antirheumatalgic; Antiviral; FLavor FEMA 12-250; Fungicide; Herbicide IC50=50 uM; Insectifuge; Irritant; Laxative; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=50 ug/ml

PELARGONIC-ACID Plant:

No activity reported.

PHENYL-ETHYL-ALCOHOL Plant 2 - 8 ppm

No activity reported.

PROPIONIC-ACID Essential Oil:

FLavor FEMA 1-36,000; Fungicide 2,500-36,000; Irritant; Perfumery; Pesticide; Rubefacient

PROPYL-FORMATE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

SABINENE Essential Oil:

Antibacterial; Antihelicobacter; Antiseptic; Antiulcer; Perfumery

SELINA-3,7(11)-DIENE Plant:

No activity reported.

SELINA-4(14),7(11)-DIENE Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

TIGLIC-ACID Essential Oil:

Perfumery

TOLUENE Essential Oil:

Encephalopathic

TRANS-DEHYDROCITRONELLOL Essential Oil:

No activity reported.

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ppm = parts per million
tr = trace

Thu Oct 22 12:20:06 EDT 2015