Observations placeholder
Fluoride and brain damage
Identifier
010968
Type of Spiritual Experience
Background
It is somewhat meaningless to select one type of spiritual experience here, as the experiments were undertaken on rats, as such no one knows what the brain damage resulted in, but I wanted to make the link between Fluoride overdose and brain damage, because brain damage itself results in all sorts of spiritual experiences.
There are two related papers, one showing blood brain barrier damage and the other actual brain damage
A description of the experience
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Sep 4;92(33):2357-61. [Damage of blood brain barrier of spinal cord in rats with chronic fluorosis]. [Article in Chinese] Shen QF1, Li HN, Xu TT, Xia YP.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the impairment mechanisms of blood brain barrier in spinal cord and observe the changes of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and functional improvement in rats with chronic fluorosis.
METHODS: A total of 120 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups, high fluoride (fed by water with a high concentration of sodium fluoride at 200 mg/L), high fluoride control (fed by distilled water), defluorination (fed by water with a high concentration of sodium fluoride at 200 mg/L for 12 weeks and then distilled water for 12 weeks) and defluorination control (n = 30 each). The urinary contents of fluoride were detect for 4 groups at Weeks 4, 8 and 12. The high fluoride and control groups were sacrificed at Week 12 while the defluorination and defluorination control groups at Week 24. Their cervical spinal cords were collected for electron microscope examinations. The expression of MMP-9 protein in thoracic cord was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Quantitative analysis of function of blood brain cord barrier was performed by the technique of Evans blue. The comparison of measurement data was performed with F test and correlation analysis. The cytological changes of neurons in thoracic spinal cord were detected after chronic fluorosis.
RESULTS: Under electron microscope, the pathological manifestations of chronic damage in blood brain barrier could be found. As compared with the high fluoride control group, the content of Evans blue increased markedly in spinal cord of the high fluoride group (29.2 ± 0.1 vs 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/L, P < 0.01). It was higher in the defluorination group than that in the defluorination control group. But there was no significant difference with the high fluoride group (29.2 ± 0.1 vs 28.9 ± 0.2 mg/L, P > 0.01). And the expression of MMP-9 increased in spinal cord of the fluorosis and defluorination groups in comparison with those in the control group. But no difference existed among them.
CONCLUSION: The damage of blood brain barrier of spinal cord occurs probably as a result of a higher expression of MMP-9 in rats with chronic fluorosis. Defluorination for a short time may not recover.
PMID: 23158568
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1997 Aug;77(8):592-6. [Influence of experimental fluorosis on phospholipid content and fatty acid composition in rat brain]. [Article in Chinese] Guan Z1, Wang Y, Xiao K.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of brain damage by fluoride intoxication, phospholipid content, and fatty acid composition in rat brain with fluorosis were analysed.
METHODS: Wistar rats were fed with NaF in various amounts and time periods to produce the animal model with chronic fluorosis. Phospholipid content and fatty acids composition were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively.
RESULTS: All animals fed with high amount of fluoride suffered from chronic fluorosis. The total brain phospholipid content was lower in the rat treated with fluoride, which mainly influenced phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholin, and phosphatidylserine. No modifications were detected in fatty acid and aldehyde compositions of individual phospholipid classes.
CONCLUSION: The metabolism of brain phospholipid might be interfered by fluoride accumulated in brain tissue, which is related with the degeneration of neuron. The changes of brain phospholipid could be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fluorosis.
PMID: 9772465