Observations placeholder

Chemicals and their Biological Activities in: Mentha x rotundifolia (L.) HUDSON (Lamiaceae) -- Applemint

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Chemicals

(+)-PIPERITENONE-OXIDE Leaf 8 - 8,510 ppm

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=64 ug/ml

(+)-PULEGONE Leaf 170 ppm;

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=0.9 mM IC50=136 ug/ml; Irritant ZEB; Perfumery

1,2-EPOXY-(1S,2S,3R,4S)-MENTHOL-ACETATE Shoot:

No activity reported.

1,2-EPOXY-NEOMENTHOL-ACETATE Leaf 6 - 7,390 ppm

No activity reported.

ALLO-CYMENE Shoot 6 - 100 ppm

ACE-Inhibitor 100 ug/ml (weak activity); Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Leaf 16 - 280 ppm

Antibacterial; Antistaphylococcic; Dermal; Emetic; FLavor FEMA 10-130; Fungicide; Insectiphile; Irritant; Laxative; Perfumery; Pesticide

ALPHA-PINENE Leaf 4 - 430 ppm

Allelochemic; Allergenic; Antiacne; Antibacterial; Antifeedant; Antiflu; Antiinflammatory 500 mg/kg; Antipneumonic; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Antistaphylococcic; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive; Coleoptophile; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 15-150; Herbicide IC50=30 uM; Insecticide 0.82 uM/fly; Insectifuge 50 ppm; Insectiphile; Irritant; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=0.087 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Spasmogenic; Tranquilizer; Transdermal

APIGENIN Shoot:

11B-HSD-Inhibitor; AntiADD; Antiaflatoxin IC50=2.57 ppm IC50=9.52 uM; Antiaggregant; Antiaging; Antiallergic; Antiangiogenic 4 uM; Antiarrhythmic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Lung); Anticomplementary; Antidermatitic; Antiestrogenic; Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/ml; Antihistaminic IC50=10-35 uM; AntiHIV IC50=143 ug/ml IC72=200 ug/ml; Antiinflammatory = indomethacin IC~65=1,000 uM; Antileukemic 20-50 uM; Antimelanomic 1-50 uM; Antimetastatic; Antimutagenic ID50=0.55 ug/ml ID50=10-40 nM; Antioxidant 1.5 x Vit. E IC28.5=62.5 ug/ml; Antiperistaltic; Antiproliferant 1-50 uM IC50=155 uM; Antispasmodic EC50=1-5 uM; Antistress 10 mg/kg; Antithyroid; Antitumor 1-50 uM; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Skin); Antiviral 20-54 ug/ml; Anxiolytic 10 mg/kg; Apoptotic 12-60 uM; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC65=1 uM/l; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uM; Calcium-Antagonist?; Cancer-Preventive; Choleretic; CNS-Depressant; COX-1-Inhibitor IC65=1,000 uM; COX-2-Inhibitor <40 uM IC50=<15 uM IC>65=1,000 uM; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Cytochrome-P450-1A1-Inhibitor; Cytotoxic 1-50 uM IC50=9.5 uM IC88=10 ug/ml; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Differentiator IC40=40 uM MIC=30 uM; Diuretic; DNA-Protective; Estrogenic 16% genistein EC50=0.1-25 uM/l EC50=1 uM; HIF-1alpha-Inhibitor; Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor IC50+=50-250 uM; Hypotensive; ICAM-1-Inhibitor; IKK-Inhibitor; iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uM; Inotropic; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; MAO-Inhibitor; MAPK-Inhibitor; Musculotropic; Mutagenic; Myorelaxant; NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor; NF-kB-Inhibitor; NO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uM; Nodulation-Signal; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; P21-Inducer 10-70 uM; Pesticide; PKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uM; Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor; Progestational; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC50=10-40 uM; PTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uM; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM; Radioprotective; Sedative 30-100 mg/kg; Sunscreen; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=3.27 uM; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor; Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 50 ug/ml IC28=18 uM IC45=180 uM; Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l; Vasodilator; VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7 uM; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 0.36 uM

BETA-PINENE Leaf 9 - 330 ppm

Allergenic; Antiinflammatory; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Candidicide; FLavor FEMA 15-600; Herbicide; Insectifuge; Irritant; Perfumery; Pesticide; Spasmogenic; Transdermal

BORNEOL-ACETATE Leaf 25 - 420 ppm

No activity reported.

CAFFEIC-ACID Shoot:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity); Allergenic; Analgesic; Antiadenoviral; Antiaggregant; Antiaging; Antiatherogenic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticarcinogenic; Antidepressant; Antiedemic; Antielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM) IC50=93 um/l; Antiescherichic; Antiflu; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic 25 uM; Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=>50 ug/ml; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV EC50=200 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory; AntiLegionella; Antileukemic; Antileukotriene; Antimelanogenic; Antimutagenic; Antinitrosaminic; Antiophidic; Antioxidant 1.3 x Vit. E 1/2 BHA 1/3 quercetin 30 mM 50 uM IC57=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml IC50=44 uM IC85=100 ug/ml; Antiproliferant; Antiprostaglandin; Antiradicular 1/3 quercetin 10 uM 30 mM IC50=32-35 uM; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM; Antistaphylococcic; Antistomatitic; Antisunburn; Antithiamin; Antithyroid; Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl mus; Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM; Antiulcerogenic; Antivaccinia; Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/ml; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic 2% (diet); Chemopreventive; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Clastogenic; CNS-Active; Co-carcinogenic; Collagen-Sparing; COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uM; Cytoprotective; Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/ml; Diuretic; DNA-Active; DNA-Protective; Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Hepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol); Hepatoprotective; Hepatotropic; Histamine-Inhibitor; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Leukotriene-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM IC50=62-148 uM; Lyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uM; Metal-Chelator; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Prooxidant; Prostaglandigenic; Sedative 500 mg; Sunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l IC91=5 mg/l IC98=25 mg/l; Tumorigenic; Vulnerary; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21 uM

CALCIUM Leaf 16,300 ppm;

Antiallergic 500 mg/day; Antianxiety; Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mg; Antiarthritic 1,000 mg/day; Antiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day; Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/day; Antidepressant; Antidote (Aluminum); Antidote (Lead); Antihyperkinetic; Antihypertensive; Antiinsomniac; Antimenopausal; Antiobesity; Antiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/day; Antiperiodontitic 750 mg/day; AntiPMS 1 g/day; Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/day; Antistress 500-1,500 mg/day; Antitic; Anxiolytic; Calcium-Channel-Blocker; Diuretic; Hypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day; Hypotensive 1 g/day; Laxative 1,000-1,200 mg; Tranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/day; Vasodilator

CAMPHENE Leaf 20 ppm;

Allelopathic; Antilithic?; Antioxidant; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 15-175; Hypocholesterolemic?; Insectifuge; Pesticide; Spasmogenic

CARVONE Leaf 240 - 5,000 ppm

Allergenic; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4-1.8 mM; Antiproliferative; Antiseptic 1.5 x phenol; Cancer-Preventive; Candidistat; Carminative; CNS-Stimulant; FLavor FEMA 80-3,000; Fungistat; Insecticide; Insectifuge; Motor-Depressant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=300 ug/ml; Vermicide

CINEOLE Leaf 4 - 120 ppm

No activity reported.

CITRAL Shoot 9 - 150 ppm

Allergenic; Antiallergenic; Antiallergic; Antianaphylactic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antihelicobacter; Antiherpetic; Antihistaminic; Antiinflammatory; Antileishmanic; Antioxidant; Antiseptic 5.2 x phenol; Antishock; Antispasmodic; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antiulcer; Antiviral; Apoptotic; Barbituate-Synergist; Bronchorelaxant; Calcium-Antagonist; Cancer-Preventive; Carcinogenic; Caspase-3-Inducer; Chemopreventive; Cytotoxic; Estrogenic; Expectorant; FLavor FEMA 4-170; Fungicide MIC 625 ug/ml; Glaucomagenic; Glutathionigenic; Herbicide IC50=115 uM; Myorelaxant 200 mg/kg; Nematicide IC52=100 ug/ml MLC=100-260 ug/ml; NF-kB-Inhibitor; NO-Inhibitor; P450-2B1-Inhibitor IC50=1.19 uM; Perfumery; Pesticide; Prostatitigenic 185 mg/kg/day/3 ms; Sedative 1 mg/kg ED 1-32 mg/kg; Teratogenic; Trichomonicide LD100=150 ug/ml; Trypanocide; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=1,500 uM ID50=1.5 mM

CYANIDIN Shoot:

Allelochemic IC90=1 mM; Antioxidant 4.4 x Vit. E ID50=3.5-22 uM; Metal-Chelator (Copper); Pesticide; Pigment; Prooxidant

DELPHINIDIN Shoot:

Allelochemic IC81=1 mM; Allergenic; Antioxidant ID50=0.7-2.4 uM; Cancer-Preventive; Metal-Chelator (Copper); NO-Inhibitor IC78=250 uM; Pesticide; Pigment; Prooxidant

DIHYDROCARVONE Leaf:

No activity reported.

DIOSPHENOL Leaf:

Antibacterial; Antiseptic; Diuretic; Peticide

DIOSPHENOLENE Leaf:

No activity reported.

EO Leaf 600 - 10,000 ppm

No activity reported.

FAT Seed 282,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

FERULIC-ACID Shoot:

Allelopathic; Analgesic; Antiaggregant; Antiallergic; Antiarrhythmic; Antibacterial; Anticancer (Colon); Anticancer (Forestomach); Anticancer (Liver); Anticancer (Skin); Anticarcinogenic; Antidysmenorrheic; Antiestrogenic; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic; Antiinflammatory; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml; Antimitotic; Antimutagenic; Antineoplastic (Stomach); Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant 1/2 BHA 1/3 quercetin 3,000 uM EC50=9-15 ug/ml IC51=200 ppm; Antiradicular EC50=9-15 ug/ml IC50=116-124 uM; Antiserotonin; Antispasmodic; Antithrombic; Antitumor; Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Forestomach); Antitumor (Liver); Antitumor (Skin); Antitumor-Promoter IC46=10 uM; Antiviral; Arteriodilator; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Cardiac; Cholagogue; Choleretic; Fungicide; Hepatoprotective; Hepatotropic; Herbicide; Hydrocholerectic; Hypolipidemic; Immunostimulant; Insectifuge; Metal-Chelator; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Phagocytotic; Preservative; Prostaglandigenic; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM; Sunscreen; Uterosedative 30-100 mg/kg ivn rat

ISONEOPULEGOL Leaf 1 - 5,200 ppm

No activity reported.

ISONEOPULEGOL-ACETATE Leaf 43 - 720 ppm

No activity reported.

ISOPIPERITENONE Leaf 80 - 1,340 ppm

No activity reported.

LIMONENE Leaf: 14 - 500 ppm

Acaricide LC100=8 uM; AChE-Inhibitor; Allelochemic; Allergenic 1/20th carene; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC22-26=1.2 mM; Antiadenomic; Antialzheimeran?; Antiasthmatic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antiesophagitic; Antifeedant; Antiflu; Antiinflammatory; Antilithic; Antilymphomic; Antimetastatic (Stomach); Antimutagenic; Antiobesity; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.197 mg/ml; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Pancreas); Antitumor (Prostate); Antitumor (Stomach); Antiviral; Apoptotic; Bronchoprotectant; Cancer-Preventive; Candidistat; Chemopreventive; Cholesterolytic; Detoxicant; Enterocontractant; Expectorant; FLavor; Fungiphilic; Fungistat; GST-Inducer; Herbicide IC50=45 uM; Histaminic; Immunomodulator; Insecticide 0.37 uM/fly; Insectifuge; Interleukin-6-Inhibitor; Irritant; Lipolytic; Myorelaxant 50 mg/kg; Nematicide IC=100 ug/ml; NO-Genic; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor ~750 mg/kg (diet); Ozone-Scavenger; P450-Inducer; Peristaltic; Pesticide; Photosensitizer; Sedative ED=1-32 mg/kg; Transdermal

LUTEOLIN Shoot:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor EC=3 ppm IC50=0.45 uM rat; Antiallergic; Antiangiogenic IC60-75=10 uM; Antiatherogenic; Antibacterial MIC=500 ug/ml; Anticarcinogenic; Anticarcinomic; Anticataract EC=3 ppm; Anticomplementary; Antidermatic; Antiestrogenic; Antifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet; Antiherpetic 11-23 ug/ml; Antihistaminic <10-15 uM; AntiHIV; Antiinflammatory =indomethacin; Antileukemic 20-50 uM; Antilymphomic; Antimelanomic; Antimutagenic ID50=0.44 ug/ml ID50=2-5 nM; Antinociceptive; Antioxidant IC50=10 uM; Antipolio; Antiproliferant; Antispasmodic; Antitumor 1-50 uM; Antitumor (brain); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Kidney); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Ovary); Antitumor (Pancreas); Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM; Antitumor (Stomach); Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50 uM; Antitussive; Antiviral 11-23 ug/ml; Aphidifuge; Apoptotic 12-50 uM; Aromatase-Inhibitor IC35=1 uM/l; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uM; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; Chemopreventive; Choleretic; Cytotoxic 1-50 uM; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Differentiator IC>40=40 uM; Diuretic; Estrogenic 58% genistein; Hepatoprotective; Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor IC50+=100-250 uM; Hypocholesterolemic; ICAM-1-Inhibitor; IKK-Inhibitor; iNOS-Inhibitor; Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; MAPK-Inhibitor; Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor; MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uM; Myorelaxant; NEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uM; NF-kB-Inhibitor; NO-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Proliferant; Prostaglandin-Synthetase-Inhibitor; Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor IC70=50 uM; PTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uM; Succinoxidase-Inhibitor; TNF-alpha-Inhibitor IC50=14.44 uM; Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor; Vasodilator; VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7 uM; Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=0.11 ug/ml

LUTEOLINIDIN Shoot:

Pigment

MASLINIC-ACID Tissue Culture:

Antiedemic; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV IC100=18 ug/ml; Antiinflammatory; Antiviral; Protease-Inhibitor

MENTHOFURAN Leaf:

Calcium-Antagonist IC50=441 uM gpg (weak activity); Hepatotoxic; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Pesticide; Pulmonotoxic

MENTHOL Leaf 80 ppm;

Allergenic; Analgesic; Anesthetic 2,000 ppm; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=2.0 mM; Antiaggregant IC50=750; Antiallergic; Antiasthmatic; Antibacillus MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antibacterial MIC=0.625-2.5; Antibronchitic; Antidandruff; Antiescherichic MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antihalitosic; Antihistaminic; Antiinflammatory; Antilisteria MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Antineuralgic; Antiodontalgic; Antipruritic; Antipyretic; Antirheumatic; Antisalmonella; Antiseptic 4 x phenol; Antisinusitic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.01 mg/ml; Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Antistreptococcic MIC=0.4 mg/ml; Antitartar; Antivaginitic; Antivulvitic; Bradycardic 65 mg/3 x day/woman; Bronchomucolytic; Bronchomucotropic; Bronchorrheic; Calcium-Antagonist; Candidicide MIC=0.625 mg/ml; Carminative; Choleretic; Ciliotoxic; CNS-Depressant; CNS-Stimulant; Congestant; Convulsant; Counterirritant; Decongestant? 11 mg/man; Dermatitigenic; Diaphoretic; Enterorelaxant; Expectorant; Gastrosedative; Irritant; Myorelaxant; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Neurodepressant; Neuropathogenic 40-100 mg/day/rat; Nociceptive; Perfumery; Pesticide; Refrigerant; Rubefacient; Termiticide; Transdermal; Vibriocide

MENTHONE Leaf tr;

Acaricide; Allelopathic; Analgesic; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=1.4 mM; Antiaggregant IC50=750; Antiallergic; Antibacillary MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antibacterial MIC=0.625-5 mg/ml; Antiescherichic MIC=5 mg/ml; Antihistaminic; Antilisteria MIC=1.25 mg/ml; Antisalmonella MIC=5 mg/ml; Antiseptic 2.25 x phenol; Antispasmodic ED50=0.044 mg/ml; Antistaphylococcic MIC=0.625-2.5 mg/ml; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide MIC=2.5 mg/ml; Cerebrotoxic orl man; Culicide LC50=156-194 mg/l; FLavor FEMA 5-50; Fungicide; Insecticide LC50=156-194 mg/l; Larvicide; Mutagenic; Nematicide MLC=1 mg/ml; Perfumery; Pesticide; Psychoactive; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=600 ug/ml

NEO-ISOPULEGOL Leaf 314 - 5,230 ppm

No activity reported.

OCTAN-3-OL Leaf 5 - 822 ppm

No activity reported.

OCTAN-3-OL-ACETATE Leaf:

No activity reported.

OLEANOLIC-ACID Tissue Culture:

Abortifacient; Antiallergic; Antiarrhythmic 40 mg/kg; Antiatherosclerotic; Antibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml; Anticarcinomic; Anticariogenic; Anticomplement IC40-50 0.01 mM/l gpg IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg; Antiedemic IC36=40 mg/kg ipr rat; Antifertility; Antigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml; Antihepatotoxic; AntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml IC50=21.8 ug/ml; Antihyperlipidemic; Antiinflammatory 40 mg/kg ipr; Antiischemic 40 mg/kg; Antileukemic; Antileukotriene IC50=17 uM; Antimalarial IC50=70-89 ug/ml; Antinephritic IC50=19-24 uM; Antioxidant IC46=10 uM; Antiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml; Antiperoxidant IC30=200 ug/ml; AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uM; Antiplaque MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml; Antiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/ml; Antisarcomic; Antiseptic MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml; AntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24 uM; Antitumor; Antitumor (Breast); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Kidney); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Pancreas); Antiulcer >carbenoxolone; Antiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml IC50=21.8 ug/ml; Aromatase-Inhibitor; Beta-Blocker; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg; Cancer-Preventive; Cardioprotective 40 mg/kg; Cardiotonic; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295 uM/; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Diuretic; Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM; Hepatoprotective; Hypolipemic; Hypotensive; Immunomodulator; Leucocytogenic; NF-kB-Inhibitor; Phagocytotic; Piscicide; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs mus; Sedative; Uterotonic; Vasopressor

P-COUMARIC-ACID Shoot:

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml (weak activity); Allelopathic; Antibacterial; Anticlastogen; Antifertility; Antihepatotoxic; Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml; Antinitrosaminic; Antioxidant 1/3 BHA IC24=30 ppm; Antiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic; Antitumor; Cancer-Preventive; Chemopreventive; Choleretic; Cytotoxic; Diaphoretic?; Fungicide; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5 mM; Pesticide; Prostaglandigenic; Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor; Tyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650 uM

P-CYMENE Shoot 14 - 230 ppm

Analgesic; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC40=1.2 mM; Antibacillary; Antibacterial; Antiflu; Antirheumatalgic; Antiviral; FLavor FEMA 12-250; Fungicide; Herbicide IC50=50 uM; Insectifuge; Irritant; Laxative; Pesticide; Sedative; Trichomonicide LD100=50 ug/ml

PELARGONIDIN Shoot:

Antiherpetic; Antioxidant ID50=85-456 uM; Antiviral; Cancer-Preventive; Pesticide; Pigment; Prooxidant

PETUNIDIN Shoot:

Larvistat; Pesticide; Pigment

PIPERITENONE Leaf 50 - 860 ppm

Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=110 ug/ml; Perfumery; Toxic 10,000/man

PIPERITENONE-OXIDE Leaf 306 - 8,730 ppm

Insecticide; Pesticide

PIPERITONE Leaf 44 - 730 ppm

Antiasthmatic; FLavor FEMA 1-2; Herbicide IC50=30 mM IC50=75 uM; Insectifuge (> DEET); Perfumery; Pesticide

PIPERITONE-OXIDE Leaf 40 - 6,020 ppm

No activity reported.

POMOLIC-ACID Tissue Culture:

AntiHIV EC50=1.4 ug/ml IC50=23.3 ug/ml

POTASSIUM Leaf 17,100 ppm;

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker; Antiarrhythmic; Antidepressant; Antifatigue; Antihypertensive; Antispasmodic; Antistroke; Anxiolytic; Beta-Blocker; Cardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mg; Cardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/day; Diuretic; Hypotensive; Vasodilator

PROTEIN Leaf 144,000 ppm; Seed 196,000 ppm;

No activity reported.

PULEGONE Leaf 580 - 9,720 ppm

AChE-Inhibitor; Antiacetylcholinesterase IC50=0.9 mM IC50=136 ug/ml; Antialzheimeran?; Antibacterial; Anticholinesterase; Antihistaminic; Antipyretic; Avifuge; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Cerebrotoxic orl man; Encephalopathic 80 mg/kg orl rat; FLavor FEMA 5-30; Fungicide; Glutathionalytic; Hallucinogenic; Hepatotoxic; Herbicide IC50=1.5 uM; Insecticide; Insectifuge; Nephrotoxic; Neurotoxic; Perfumery; Pesticide; Pulifuge; Pulmonotoxic; Sedative

ROSMARINIC-ACID Leaf 3,600 ppm; Plant 32,000 ppm;

ABeta-Inhibitor; Adenylate-Cyclase-Inhibitor; Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor; Antiaggregant; Antiallergic; Antialzheimeran; Antianaphylactic 1-100 mg/kg orl ID50=1 mg/kg ivn rat ID50=10 mg/kg ims rat; Antiatherosclerotic IC50=0.74 uM; Antibacterial; Anticoagulant; Anticomplementary 1/2 aspirin 20 mg/kg ivn; Antidepressant; Antiedemic 0.316-3.16 mg/kg ims; Antigonadotropic; Antihemolytic IC70=5-10 um/l; Antihepatotoxic; Antiherpetic 50 ug/ml EC50=20 ug/ml; AntiHIV EC50=40 ug/ml; Antihyperthyroid; Antiinflammatory IC~58=1,000 uM; Antiintegrase 10 ug/ml; Antileukotriene; Antilipoperoxidant; Antimutagenic; Antinephritic; Antioxidant 10 uM EC50=2.7 ug/ml; Antioxidant (LDL) IC50=0.74 uM; Antiplaque; Antiproliferant; Antiprostaglandin 20 mg/kg ivn; Antiproteolytic IC50=0.9 mol l; Antipulmonotic; Antiradicular; Antishock; Antithyreotropic; Antithyroid; Antiuremic; Antiviral EC50=40 ug/ml; Anxiolytic; Apoptotic; Calcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbt; Cancer-Preventive; COX-1-Inhibitor IC58=1,000 uM; COX-2-Inhibitor IC>58=1,000 uM; Cytotoxic TC50=100-150 ug/ml; Deiodinase-Inhibitor; Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor; Neuroprotective; Pesticide; Radioprotective

ROTUNDIFOLONE Plant:

No activity reported.

SODIUM Leaf 2,520 ppm;

Hypertensive

THUJONE Leaf 20 - 360 ppm

Abortifacient; Anthelmintic; Antibacterial; Antiseptic; Antispasmodic ED50=0.127 mg/ml; Cerebrodepressant; Convulsant 40 mg/kg; Counterirritant; Emmenagogue; Epileptigenic; Hallucinogenic; Herbicide IC50=22 mM; Neurotoxic; Perfumery; Pesticide; Respirainhibitor; Toxic

URSOLIC-ACID Tissue Culture:

Analgesic; Antialzheimeran; Antiarrhythmic; Antiarthritic; Antibacterial; Anticancer; Anticancer (Colon); Anticarcinomic; Anticariogenic; Anticholestatic 28-100 mg/kg orl; Anticomplement IC100 0.1 mM/l gpg IC80-90 0.05 mM/l gpg; Antidiabetic; AntiEBV; Antiedemic; Antiescherichic; Antifibrosarcomic IC80=10 uM; Antihepatotoxic 5-20 mg/kg ipr; Antihistaminic; AntiHIV 6.7 uM EC50=2.0 ug/ml IC50=6.5 ug/ml IC85=18 ug/ml; Antihyperlipidemic; Antiinflammatory 1/3 indomethacin IC24=500 mg/kg; Antileishmanic ED50=20 uM; Antileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/ml; Antilymphomic; Antimalarial IC50=28-37 ug/ml; Antimetastatic IC80=10 uM; Antimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kg; Antinephritic IC50=6-7.5 uM; Antiobesity?; Antioxidant IC50=10 uM; Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/ml; Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/ml; Antiproliferative IC50=15-20 uM; Antistaphylococcic; AntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5 uM; Antithromboxane IC50=50 uM; Antitrypanosomic; Antitumor; Antitumor (brain); Antitumor (Breast) 0.5% diet IC50=15-20 uM; Antitumor (Cervix); Antitumor (Colon); Antitumor (Lung); Antitumor (Ovary); Antitumor (Stomach); Antitumor-Promoter; Antiulcer; Antiviral IC85=18 ug/ml; Aromatase-Inhibitor; Beta-Blocker; Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kg; Cancer-Preventive; Candidicide; Cardioprotective; Cardiotonic; Choleretic 5-20 mg/kg orl; CNS-Depressant; COX-2-Inhibitor IC50=130 uM/; Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor; Cytotoxic 50 ppm 7.2 uM ED50=3.75 ug/ml; Diuretic; Elastase-Inhibitor IC50=~15 uM; Hepatoprotective 1-100 ug/ml 10 mg/kg; Hypoglycemic; Hypotensive; Immunomodulator; Leucocytogenic; Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=0.18 mM; MMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10 uM; Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor; Pesticide; Piscicide; Potassium-Sparing 3 mg/rat; Protease-Inhibitor IC85=18 ug/ml; Protisticide; Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml; Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat; TOPO-2-Inhibitor; Trypanocide; Vasopressor

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ppm = parts per million
tr = trace