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Ursodeoxycholic acid (INN, BAN and AAN), also known as ursodiol (USAN) and the abbreviation UDCA, is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria.

Primary bile acids are produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. When secreted into the intestine, primary bile acids can be metabolized into secondary bile acids by intestinal bacteria.

Primary and secondary bile acids help the body digest fats. Ursodeoxycholic acid helps regulate cholesterol by reducing the rate at which the intestine absorbs cholesterol molecules while breaking up micelles containing cholesterol. Because of this property, ursodeoxycholic acid is used to treat (cholesterol) gallstones non-surgically.

It is also used to relieve itching in pregnancy for some women who suffer obstetric cholestasis [sic].

While some bile acids are known to be colon tumor promoters (e.g. deoxycholic acid), the effects of  ursodeoxycholic acid are unknown, however, it is believed [sic] to inhibit apoptosis [natural cell death].

Ursodeoxycholic acid has also been shown  to suppress the  immune system.

Prolonged exposure and/or increased quantities of ursodeoxycholic acid can be toxic.

On Sep, 16, 2015: 951 people reported to have side effects when taking Actigall. Among them, 15 people (1.58%) have Death.

Time on Actigall when people have Death  :

On Sep, 29, 2015: 951 people reported to have side effects when taking Actigall. Among them, 3 people (0.32%) have Hallucination.